Question # 1

Write down the names of three conventional methods and five non conventional methds of producting electricity.

Ans 1: Conventional Methods:
1- Hydroelectric power
2- Thermal power
3- Nuclear power.
Ans 2: Non Conventional Methods:
1- Solar power
2- Wind power
3- Tidal power
4- Geothermal power
5- Electricity production from biomass and solid wastes

Question # 2

Define Hydro electric power.

Ans 1: "The converstion of kinetic energy of runnign water to electricla energy is known as hydroeletric power.

Question # 3

Define the unit of electrical energy.

Ans 1: The unit of electrical energy is kilowatt hout, which is denoted as KWh. The electricity meters measure electricity in this unit.
Ans 2: " One kilowatt-hour is the amount of energy that is consumed by a 1000 watt, applicanceis one hour."
Ans 3: According to above definitionof kWh a 100 W bulb consumes one unit of electricity in 10 hours and a 200 W bulb consumes in 5 hours . An air conditioner of 2500 W consumes 2.5 unit of electricity in one hour.

Question # 4

Define Bio mass.

Ans 1: Organic materials and their residues.

Question # 5

Define Thermal power and Geothermal power.

Ans 1: Productionof electricity from the burning of fossil fuels is called thermal power, while productionof electricity by steam or hot water coming from the earth is called geothermal power.

Question # 6

Characteristics Gamma Radiaton.

Ans 1: 1- Gamma rays are high energy carrying electromagnetic radiations.
Ans 2: 2- Gamma rays are identical with x -rays but gamma rays are of short wavelength and have high energy.
Ans 3: 3- Their ranger and penetrating power is also greater.
Ans 4: 4- Gamma rays are ejected from the nucleus.
Ans 5: 5- These are not affected by electric or magnetic field.

Question # 7

What is SPARCO.

Ans 1: The national space agency of Pakistan in collaboration with Pakistan Atomic Emergency commission established an institute namely SUPARCO in 1961. Its headquarter is in Karachi

Question # 8

What is amplifiers.

Ans 1: These signals are then amplified Audio signals goes to the speaker, which converts it into sound, video signal goes to the picture tube.

Question # 9

Which space probes did collect the samples of solt and rocks from the surface of Mars.

Ans 1: America sent two space probes in 1976, which collect different samples of soil and rocks after landing on the surface of Mars. Names of these two space probes are Viking-1 and Viking-2

Question # 10

What is MRI.

Ans 1: MRI is the special medical diagostic technique that creates imaging of the body using the principle of nuclear magnetic resonace. This generates thin section images of any part of the body using the principles of nuclear magnetic resonance.

Question # 11

Define N-type and P -Type semi conductors.

Ans 1: N-Type semi conductor : When a pentavalent impurity such as arsenic is added to silicon crystals, then due to this process the number of free electrons in semi-conductor increased. Such a materials is caled N-Type semi conductor. Most of the current flow through N-Type semi conductor is due to free electorns.
Ans 2: P-Type Semiconductor: If a trivalent impurity such as aluminium is doped in silicon crystals, then there is a deficiency of an electron in the outermost orbit of silicon atoms. This deficiency of electron is called a hole thus this type of doping increases the number of holes in the semi conductors, Such material is known as P-Type semi conductor. the current throughit is mostly due to the holes.

Question # 12

What do you mean by Electromagnetic waves.

Ans 1: When the waves of light pass through a vacuum, these are called electromagnetic waves.

Question # 13

Which quantities does Ohm's law relate.

Ans 1: Ohm's law give a relationship between current and potential difference according to him.
Ans 2: "The current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference provided that the temperature and the physical state of teh conductor does not changes." V directialy proposional VIR

Question # 14

Define Ammeter.

Ans 1: Ammeter: Ammeter is an instrument which measures the current.

Question # 15

Write two benefits of PINSTECH.

Ans 1: PINSTECH institute helps in many ways but most important benefits are
Ans 2: Benefits.
1- This institute to helps research in nuclear science in order to develop our country.
2- Special nuclear materials and higly sophisticated instruments are made on limited scale.

Question # 16

What is Electro Cardiogram

Ans 1: Electrocardiogram is the test that measures the electrical activity of the heart. The heart beat in a peculiar way so that blood may be pumped through the whole body.

Question # 17

Differentiate between Meteorology and climatology.

Ans 1: A branch of science in which the weather is studies for a short time by a factor like rain, sunshine, temperature and air pressure is caleld meteorology wheeas the branch which studies the climate for a long time is caleld climatology.

Question # 18

What is floppy disk and Hard Disk.

Ans 1: Floppy disk : Soft plastic disk for digital recording is caleld floppy disk.
Ans 2: Hard Disk: Disk consisting of metal plates for digital recording is called hard disk.

Question # 19

Define Doping

Ans 1: Semi-conductors are made more useful by increasing their conductivity. This is done by adding some quantity of trivalent or pentavalent atoms as impurity while growing the crystals of silicon or germanium. This process is called doping.

Question # 20

Name some sued of semi-conductor diode.

Ans 1: 1- Rectifier
Ans 2: 2- Light emitting diode
Ans 3: 3- Photo diode

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