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A great deal of discussion countries as to the real extent
of global environmental degradation and its implicational. What few people
challenge however is that the renewable natural resources of developing
countries are today subject to stresses of unprecedented magnitude. These
pressures are bought about, in part, by increased population and the quest for
an ever expanding food supply. Because the healthy, nutrition and general
well-being of the poor majority are directly depends on the integrity and
productivity of their natural resources, the capability of governments to manage
them effectively over the long term becomes of paramount importance.
Developing countries are becoming more aware of the ways in
which present and future economic development must build upon a sound and
sustainable natural resources base. Some are looking at our long tradition in
environmental protection and are receptive to US assistance which recognizes
the uniqueness of the social and ecological systems in these tropical
countries. Developing countries recognize the need to improve their capability
to analyze issues and their own natural resource management. In February 1981,
for example AID funded a national Academy of Sciences panel to advise Nepal on
their severe natural resource degradation problems. Some countries such as
Senegal, India, Indonesia and Thailand, are now including conservation concerns
in their economic development planning process.
Because so many governments of developing nations have
recognized the importance of these issues, the need today is not merely one of
raising additional consciousness, but for carefully designed and sharply
focused activities aimed at management regimes that are essential to the
achievement of sustained development.
How much environmental
pollution has taken place in the developing and the developed world?
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A. There has been a marginal pollution of environment in the developed world and extensive damage in the developing world
B. There has been a considerable pollution of environment all over the globe
C. There has been an extensive environmental degradation both in the developed and the developing world
D. The environmental pollution that has taken place all over the globe continues to be a matter of speculation and enquiry
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OPTIMISM : PESIMISSM
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A. success : failure
B. food : hunger
C. motivation : dedication
D. maturity : youth
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| 3 |
Ibrahim crossed ______ Atlantic Ocean many times last year
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A. An
B. A
C. The
D. None
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In the early 1920's,
settlers came to Alaska looking for gold. They traveled by boat to the coastal
towns of Seward and Knik, and from there by land into the gold fields. The
trail they used to travel inland is known today as the lditarod Trail, one of the
National Historic Trails designated by the congress of the United States. The
Iditarod Trail quickly became a major thoroughfare in Alaska, as the mail and
supplies were carried across this trail. People also used it to get from place
to place, including the priests, ministers, and judges who had to travel
between villages down this trail was via god sled. Once the gold rush ended,
many gold-seekers went back to where they had come from, and suddenly there was
much less travel on the lditarod Trail. The introduction of the airplane in the
late 1920's meant dog teams were mode of transportation, of course airplane
carrying the mail and supplies, there was less need for land travel in general.
The final blow to the use of the dog teams was the appearance of snowmoniles.
By the mid 1960's most Alasknas didn't even know the lditarod Trail existed, or
that dos teens had played a crucial role in Alaska's early settlements. Dorothy
G.Page, a self-made historian, recognized how few people knew about the former
use of sled dogs as working animals and about the Iditarod Trail's role in
Alaska's colorful history. To she came up with the idea to have a god sled race
over the Iditarod Trail. She presented her idea to an enthusiastic musher, as
dog sled drivers are known, named Joe Redington, Sr. Soon the pages and the
Redintons were working together to promote the idea of the Iditarod race. Many
people worked to make the first Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race a reality in 1967.
The Aurora Dog Mushers Club, along with men from the Adult Camp in Sutton,
helped clear years of overgrowth from the first nine miles of the Iditarod
Trail. To raise interest in the race, a $25,000 purse was offered, with Joe
Redington donating one acre of his land to help raise the funds. The short race,
approximately 27 miles long, was put on a second time in 1969. After these
first two successful races, the goal was to lengthen the race a little further
to the ghost town of Iditarod by 1973. However in 1972, the U.S. Army reopened
the trail as a winter exercise, and so in 1973, the decision was made to take
the race all the way to the city of Nome-over 1,000 miles. There were who
believed it could bot be done and that it wad crazy to send a bunch out into
vast, uninhabited Alaskan wilderness. But the race went! 22 mushers finished
that year, and to date over 400 people have completed it.
The primary purpose of
this passage is to
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A. Recount the history of the Iditarod trail and the race that memorialized it
B. Described the obstacles involved in founding the Iditarod race
C. Outline the circumstances that led to the establishment of the Iditarod Trail
D. Re-establish the important place of the Iditarod Trail in Alaska's history
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| 5 |
Paul’s wife knows Paul loves to read cookbooks. She decides to
get him one for his birthday. Paul tells her he will try to make a new recipe
for three days in a row. On Monday, Paul makes blueberry pancakes for
breakfast. He gets the blueberries from the farmers’ market. On Tuesday, Paul
makes beef soup for dinner. He puts in cubes of beef, carrots, and onions. The
recipe calls for cream, but Paul does not cream. He uses water instead. On Wednesday,
Paul makes a tomato salad with cucumbers and onions. He picks the cucumbers and
tomatoes from his garden. He likes this dish best. It was also the easiest for
him to make.
Which dish does Paul like best?
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A. The creamy one
B. Beef soup
C. Tomato salad
D. Blueberry pancakes
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| 6 |
(Complete the sentence with suitable words)
They wanted to serve some coffee to their guests however ______
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A. They hadn′t many sugar
B. There was not a great amount of the sugar
C. They did not have much sugar
D. They were lacking in amount of the sugar
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Atheist
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A. Hypnotic
B. Bane
C. Believer
D. Theorist
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Choose correct word or phrase that is most opposite of the word given.
Hackneyed
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A. Mimed
B. Surrendered
C. Unwounded
D. Original
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When the machines are not lubricated, ______ decreases the speed, putting more load on the lifts
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A. Then
B. Than
C. So
D. It
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| 10 |
Unaffected
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A. Defective
B. Insincere
C. Transparent
D. Weird
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