| 1 |
A great deal of discussion continues as to the real extent
of global environment degradation and its implications. What few people
challenge however is that the renewable natural resources of developing countries
are today subject to stresses of unprecedented magnitude. These pressures are
brought about, in part, by increased population and the quest for an ever
expanding food supply. Because the health, nutrition and general well-being of
the poor majority are directly dependent on the integrity and productivity of
their natural resources, the capability of government to manage them
effectively over the long term becomes of paramount important.
Developing countries are becoming more aware of the ways in
which present and future economic development must built upon a sound and
sustainable natural resource base. Some are looking at our long tradition in
environmental protection and are receptive to U.S. assistance which recognizes
the uniqueness of the social and ecological system in these tropical countries.
Developing countries recognize the need to improve their capability to analyze
issues and their own natural resource management. In February 1981, for
example, AID funded a national Academy of Sciences panel to advise Nepal on its
severe natural resource degradation problems. Some countries such as Senegal,
India, Indonesia and Thailand, are now including conservation concerns in their
economic development planning process.
Because so many governments of developing nations have
recognized the importance of these issues, the need today is not merely one of
raising additional consciousness, but for carefully designed and sharply
focused activities aimed at management regimes that are essential to the
achievement of sustained development. Q: How much environmental pollution has taken place in the developing and developed world?
|
A. There has been a marginal pollution of environment in the developed world and extensive damage in the developing world.
B. There has been a considerable pollution of environment all over the globe.
C. There has been an extensive environmental degradation both in the developed and developing world.
D. The environmental pollution that has taken place all over the globe continues to be a matter of speculation and enquiry.
|
| 2 |
Death: Lament
|
A. Impose: Fine
B. Cast: Vote
C. Make: Furniture
D. Celebrate: Centenary
|
| 3 |
The Romans – for centuries is the masters of war and polities across Europe, Northern Africa and Asia Minor – have often been criticized for producing few original thinker outside the realm of positive. This criticism, while in many ways true, is not without its problems. It was, after all the conquest of Greece that provided Rome with its greatest influx of educated subjects. Two of the great disasters intellectual history – the murder of Archimedes and the burning the Alexandria’s library – both occurred under Rome’s watch. Nevertheless, a city that was able to conquer so much of the known world could not have been devoid of the creativity that characterizes so many other ancient emprises.
Engineering is one endeavor in which the Romans showed themselves capable. Their aqueducts carried water hundreds of miles along the tops of vast arcades. Roman roads built for the rapid deployment of troops, criss-cross Europe and still form the basis of numerous modern highways that provide quick access prominence to Rome’s economic and political influence.
Many of these major cities lie for beyond Rome’s original province, and Latin-derived languages are spoken in most Southern European nations. Again a result of military influence the popularity of Latin and its off spring is difficult to overestimate. During the centuries of ignorance and violence that followed Rome’s decline, the Latin language was the glue that held together the identity of an entire continent. While seldom spoken today, it is still studied widely, if only so that such master or rhetoric as Cicero can be read in the original.
It is Cicero and his like who are perhaps the most overlooked legacy of Rome. While far from being a democracy, Rome did leave behind useful political tool that serve the American republic today. “Republic” itself is Latin for “the people’s business,” a notion cherished in democracies worldwide. Senators owe their name to Rome’s class of elders; Representatives owe theirs to the Tributes who seized popular prerogatives from the Senatorial class. The veto was a Roman notion adopted by the historically aware framers of the Constitution, who often assumed pen names from the lexicon of Latin life. These accomplishments, as monumental as any highway or coliseum, remain prominent features of the Western landscape.
The primary purpose of the package is to
|
A. Reveal the indifferent attitude taken by the ancient Romans towards the fine arts
B. Discuss the lasting accomplishments achieved by ancient Romans
C. Analyse the use of the Latin language by the framers of the Constitution
D. Show that the construction of roads and aqueducts could not have been accomplished in ancient Greece.
|
| 4 |
The public distribution system, which provides food at low
prices, is a subject of vital concern. There is a growing realization that
though Pakistan has enough food to feed its masses three square meals a day,
the monster of starvation and food insecurity continues to haunt the poor in
our country.
Increasing the purchasing power of the poor through
providing productive employment, leading to rising income, and thus good
standard of living is the ultimate objective of public policy. However, till
then, there is a need to provide assured supply of food through a restructured,
more efficient and decentralized public distribution system (PDS).
Although the PDS is extensive – it is one of the largest
such systems in the world – it has yet to reach the rural poor and the far off
places. It remains an urban phenomenon, with the majority of the rural poor
still out of its reach due to lack of economic and physical access. The poorest
in the cities and the migrants are left out, for they generally don not possess
ration cards. The allocation of PDS supplies in big cities is large than in
rural areas. In view of such deficiencies in the system, the PDS urgently needs
to be streamlined. In addition, considering the large food grains production combined
with food subsidy on one hand and the continuing slow starvation and dismal
poverty of the rural population on the other, there is a strong case for making
PDS target group oriented.
The growing salaried class is provided job security, regular
income, and percent insulation against inflation. These gains of development
have not percolated down to the vast majority of our working population. If one
compares only dearness allowance to the employees in public and private sector
and looks at its growth in the past few years, the rising food subsidy is
insignificant to the point of inequity. The food subsidy is a kind of D.A. to
the poor, the self-employed and those in the unorganized sector of the economy.
However, what is most unfortunate is that out of the large budget of the
so-called food subsidy, the major part of it is administrative cost and
wastages. A small portion of the above budget goes to real consumer and an even
lesser portion to the poor who are in real need.
It is true that subsidies should not become a permanent
feature, except for the destitute, disabled, widows and the old. It is also
true that subsides often create a psychology of dependence and hence are habit-forming
and killing the general initiative of the people. By making PDS target group
oriented, not only the poorest and neediest would be reached without additional
cost, but it will actually cut overall costs incurred on large cities and for
better off localities. When the food and food subsidy are limited, the rural
and urban poor should have the priority in the PDS supplies. The PDS should be
closely linked with programs of employment generation and nutrition
improvement. Q: Which of the following is the main reason for insufficient supply of enough food to the poorest?
|
A. Mismanagement of food stocks
B. Absence of proper public distribution system
C. Production of food is less than the demand
D. Govenment's apathy towards the poor
|
| 5 |
BRAZEN
|
A. Red-handed
B. Ironic
C. Modest
D. Trespass
|
| 6 |
Anthropologists who study orangutans, distant cousins of the
human race, find in the animals behavior hints of how our earliest ancestors
may have lived. It has long been accepted that primates originally dwelt in the
treetops and only migrated to the ground as forests began to dwindle. While to
a certain extent, all primates except humans spend at least some time dwelling
in trees, the orangutans, can grow as heavy as 330 pounds and live for decades,
requiring copious amounts of fruits simply to stay alive. Thus, they become
very jealous of the territory where they find their food. Compounding his
territoriality are the breeding habits of orangulants, since females can only
breed every few years and, like humans, give birth not to litters but single
off-spring.
Consequently, orangutans are solitary, territorial animals
who have difficulty foraging in an part of the forest where they were not raised.
Orangutans take from poachers by costums agents undergo incredible hardship on
their return to the wild. Incorrectly relocating a male orangutan is especially
problematic, often ending in the animal’s death at the hands of a rival who
sees not only his territory but also the females of his loosely knit community
under threat from an outsider. While humans, like chimpanzees, are more
gregarious and resourceful then orangutans, the latter provide anthropologists
with useful information about the behavior of prehominid primates and how
apelike behavior influenced out ancestors search for the food and family
beneath the forest canopy. The author of the passage discusses orangutans taken from poachers in order to
|
A. Stress the importance of preserving orangutans as a species
B. Indicate the widespread practice of animal poaching
C. Refute the theory that orangutans can live in a variety of environments
D. Contrast the behavior of orangutans with that of other apes
|
| 7 |
The task seemed impossible but somehow Jalil _______ very skilyfully in the end
|
A. Pulled it up
B. Pulled it off
C. Pulled it away
D. Pulled it out
|
| 8 |
As ---------- of the Sindh supreme selection board, Allah Bachayo had free --------- to all Government rest houses throughout the country.
|
A. A scholar - admission
B. A survivor - passage
C. An organizer - submission
D. An institution - advice
|
| 9 |
Foot : Toe
|
A. Body: Legs
B. Belly: Intestines
C. Nail: Fingers
D. Hand: Fingers
|
| 10 |
LIKELY : PROBABILITY::
|
A. Sailor : Mutineer
B. Bright : Radiance
C. Funereal : Eulogy
D. Defying : Enemy
|
Share your comments & questions here
No comments yet. Be the first to comment!