Through the U.S. prides itself on behing a leader in the
world community, a recent report shows that it lags far behind other industrialized
countries in meeting the needs of its youngest and most vulnerable citizens.
The U.S. has a higher infant mortality rate, a higher proportion of low birth
weight babies, a smaller proportion of babies immunized against childhood
diseases and a much higher rate adolescent pregnancies. These findings,
described as a quiet crisis requiring immediate and far-reaching action,
appeared in a report prepared by a task force of educators, doctors,
politicians and business people. According to the report, a fourth of the
nation’s 12 infants and toddlers live in poverty. As many as half confront risk
factors that could harm their ability to develop intellectually, physically and
socially. Child immunizations are too low, more children are born into poverty,
more are in substandard care while their parents work and more are being raised
by single parents When taken together, these and other risk factor can lead to
educational and health problems that are much harder and more costly to
reverse.
The crisis beings in the womb with unplanned parenthood.
Women with unplanned pregnancies are less likely to seek pre-natal care. In the
U.S. 80% of teenage pregnancies and 56% of all pregnancies are unplanned. The
problems continue after birth where unplanned pregnancies and unstable
partnerships often go hand in hand. Since 1950, the number of single parent
families had nearly tripled. More than 25 percent of all births today are to unmarried
mothers. As the number of single parent families grows and more women enter the
work force, infants and toddlers are increasingly in the care of people other
than their parents.
Most disturbingly, recent statistics show that American
parents are increasingly neglecting or abusing their children. In only four
years from 1987-1991, the number of children in foster care increased by over
50 percent. Babies under the age of one are the fastest growing category of
children entering foster care. The crisis affects children under the age of
three most severely the report says. Yet, it is this period-from infancy
through preschool years- that sets the stage for a child’s future.
Children falling in which age group are most severely affected by the quite crisis?
Question # 2
SHORTAGE
Question # 3
We were amazed that a man who had been heretofore the most______ of public speakers could in a single speech electrify an audience and bring them cheering.
Question # 4
BOMBASTIC
Question # 5
TROWEL : MORTAR::
Question # 6
Liaqat Ali Khan was murdered by
Question # 7
Because its chief accountant altered figures and completely fabricated other, the company's financial records were entirely
Question # 8
MENDICANT : BEGGING::
Question # 9
Muslim alchemists tried to attain wealth by ------------ copper and other base metals into gold.
Question # 10
The defending champion justified his top _____by clinching the title
Question # 11
BINOCULARS : SEE::
Question # 12
PUGNACITY
Question # 13
Sad : Morose
Question # 14
In the departmental inquiry, it was denied that the police had committed any _____ on people under their custody.
Question # 15
Fresh: New
Question # 16
ANGER : INSULT::
Question # 17
If you persist in telling lies to me I shall sue you _____ slander.
Question # 18
The Romans – for centuries is the masters of war and
polities across Europe, Northern Africa and Asia Minor – have often been criticized
for producing few original thinker outside the realm of positive. This
criticism, while in many ways true, is not without its problems. It was, after
all the conquest of Greece that provided Rome with its greatest influx of
educated subjects. Two of the great disasters intellectual history – the murder
of Archimedes and the burning the Alexandria’s library – both occurred under
Rome’s watch. Nevertheless, a city that was able to conquer so much of the
known world could not have been devoid of the creativity that characterizes so
many other ancient emprises.
Engineering is one endeavor in which the Romans showed
themselves capable. Their aqueducts carried water hundreds of miles along the
tops of vast arcades. Roman roads built for the rapid deployment of troops,
criss-cross Europe and still form the basis of numerous modern highways that
provide quick access prominence to Rome’s economic and political influence.
Many of these major cities lie for beyond Rome’s original
province, and Latin-derived languages are spoken in most Southern European
nations. Again a result of military influence the popularity of Latin and its
off spring is difficult to overestimate. During the centuries of ignorance and
violence that followed Rome’s decline, the Latin language was the glue that
held together the identity of an entire continent. While seldom spoken today,
it is still studied widely, if only so that such master or rhetoric as Cicero
can be read in the original.
It is Cicero and his like who are perhaps the most
overlooked legacy of Rome. While far from being a democracy, Rome did leave
behind useful political tool that serve the American republic today. “Republic”
itself is Latin for “the people’s business,” a notion cherished in democracies
worldwide. Senators owe their name to Rome’s class of elders; Representatives
owe theirs to the Tributes who seized popular prerogatives from the Senatorial
class. The veto was a Roman notion adopted by the historically aware framers of
the Constitution, who often assumed pen names from the lexicon of Latin life.
These accomplishments, as monumental as any highway or coliseum, remain
prominent features of the Western landscape.
According to the passage, which of the following accurately describes the Latin languages?
A great deal of discussion continues as to the real extent
of global environment degradation and its implications. What few people
challenge however is that the renewable natural resources of developing countries
are today subject to stresses of unprecedented magnitude. These pressures are
brought about, in part, by increased population and the quest for an ever
expanding food supply. Because the health, nutrition and general well-being of
the poor majority are directly dependent on the integrity and productivity of
their natural resources, the capability of government to manage them
effectively over the long term becomes of paramount important.
Developing countries are becoming more aware of the ways in
which present and future economic development must built upon a sound and
sustainable natural resource base. Some are looking at our long tradition in
environmental protection and are receptive to U.S. assistance which recognizes
the uniqueness of the social and ecological system in these tropical countries.
Developing countries recognize the need to improve their capability to analyze
issues and their own natural resource management. In February 1981, for
example, AID funded a national Academy of Sciences panel to advise Nepal on its
severe natural resource degradation problems. Some countries such as Senegal,
India, Indonesia and Thailand, are now including conservation concerns in their
economic development planning process.
Because so many governments of developing nations have
recognized the importance of these issues, the need today is not merely one of
raising additional consciousness, but for carefully designed and sharply
focused activities aimed at management regimes that are essential to the
achievement of sustained development.
Q: How much environmental pollution has taken place in the developing and developed world?
A. There has been a marginal pollution of environment in the developed world and extensive damage in the developing world.
B. There has been a considerable pollution of environment all over the globe.
C. There has been an extensive environmental degradation both in the developed and developing world.
D. The environmental pollution that has taken place all over the globe continues to be a matter of speculation and enquiry.
3
CAT : MOUSE::
A. Bird : Worm
B. Dog : Tail
C. Trap : Attic
D. Hide : Seek
4
TERSE
A. Chattering
B. Threefold
C. Lean
D. Miserly
5
Chains: Clang
A. Leaves: Twings
B. Coins:Jangle
C. Door: Lock
D. Wolf: Roar
6
DISCONCERT
A. Sing in harmony
B. Pretend
C. Cancel program
D. Confuse
7
Fever: Flush
A. Malaria: Shiver
B. Wings: Flap
C. Rehearsal: Drama
D. Cough: Cough
8
Ali _____ force himself to work on till late in the night
A. Would
B. Would be
C. Could
D. Used to
9
PRAISE
A. Forgive
B. Criticize
C. Deny
D. Condemn
10
CORRESPONDENCE : CLERK::
A. Office : Manager
B. Secretary : Stenographer
C. Proceeds : Accounts
D. Records : Archivist
11
AUSPICIOUS
A. Pictorial
B. Ill-starred
C. Trusting
D. Blunt
12
Dowry is no longer permitted by law even in ______ marriage
A. Natural
B. Bigamous
C. Love
D. Conventional
13
SPATTER : SOAK::
A. Alarm : Whistle
B. Desert : Sahara
C. Bubble : Ball
D. Whisper : Shout
14
Prelude: Symphony
A. Drama: Epilogue
B. Epilogue: Prologue
C. Meal: Dessert
D. Ticket: Show
15
The children were disappointed because they had hoped ______ with us
A. Would have gone
B. To had gone
C. To have gone
D. To go
16
GROAN : SCREAM::
A. Stroll : Amble
B. Clown : Crone
C. Strained : Wit
D. Grin : Guffaw
17
Educational planning should aim at meeting the educational
needs of the entire population of all age groups. While the traditional
structure of education as a three layer hierarchy from the primary stage to the
university represents the core, we should not overlook the periphery which is
equally important. Under modern conditions, workers need to rewind, or renew their
professor. The retired and the aged have their needs as well. Educational planning,
in their words, should take care of the needs of everyone.
Our structures of education have been built up on the
assumption that there is a terminal point to education. This basic defect has
become all the more harmful today. A UNESCO report, titled “Learning to be”
prepared by Edgar Faure and others in 1973 asserts that the education of
children must prepare the future adult for various forms of self-learning. A viable
education system of the future should consist of modules with different kinds
of functions serving a diversity of constituents. And performance, not the
period of study, should be the basis for credentials. The writing is already on
the wall.
In view of the fact that the significance of a commitment of
lifelong learning and lifetime education is being discussed only in recent
years even in educationally advanced countries, the possibility of the idea
becoming an integral part of educational thinking seems to be a far cry. For,
to move in that direction means much more than some simple rearrangement of the
present organization of education. But a good beginning can be made by
developing Open University programs for older learners of different categories
and introducing extension services in the conventional colleges and schools. Also,
these institutions should learn to cooperate with numerous community
organizations such as libraries, museums, municipal recreational programs,
health services etc.Q: Which of the following is most opposite in meaning to the word "integral" as used in the passage?
A. Essential
B. Independent
C. Major
D. Minor
18
FASTIDIOUS : VULGARITY::
A. Vacillating : action
B. Fade : intensity
C. Security : mob
D. Speeding : bourgeois
19
ARCHITECT : BLUE PRINT::
A. Mason : Wall
B. Knight : Rider
C. High : Low
D. Pugilist : Victory
20
The public distribution system, which provides food at low prices, is a subject of vital concern. There is a growing realization that though Pakistan has enough food to feed its masses three square meals a day, the monster of starvation and food insecurity continues to haunt the poor in our country.
Increasing the purchasing power of the poor through providing productive employment, leading to rising income, and thus good standard of living is the ultimate objective of public policy. However, till then, there is a need to provide assured supply of food through a restructured, more efficient and decentralized public distribution system (PDS).
Although the PDS is extensive – it is one of the largest such systems in the world – it has yet to reach the rural poor and the far off places. It remains an urban phenomenon, with the majority of the rural poor still out of its reach due to lack of economic and physical access. The poorest in the cities and the migrants are left out, for they generally don not possess ration cards. The allocation of PDS supplies in big cities is large than in rural areas. In view of such deficiencies in the system, the PDS urgently needs to be streamlined. In addition, considering the large food grains production combined with food subsidy on one hand and the continuing slow starvation and dismal poverty of the rural population on the other, there is a strong case for making PDS target group oriented.
The growing salaried class is provided job security, regular income, and percent insulation against inflation. These gains of development have not percolated down to the vast majority of our working population. If one compares only dearness allowance to the employees in public and private sector and looks at its growth in the past few years, the rising food subsidy is insignificant to the point of inequity. The food subsidy is a kind of D.A. to the poor, the self-employed and those in the unorganized sector of the economy. However, what is most unfortunate is that out of the large budget of the so-called food subsidy, the major part of it is administrative cost and wastages. A small portion of the above budget goes to real consumer and an even lesser portion to the poor who are in real need.
It is true that subsidies should not become a permanent feature, except for the destitute, disabled, widows and the old. It is also true that subsides often create a psychology of dependence and hence are habit-forming and killing the general initiative of the people. By making PDS target group oriented, not only the poorest and neediest would be reached without additional cost, but it will actually cut overall costs incurred on large cities and for better off localities. When the food and food subsidy are limited, the rural and urban poor should have the priority in the PDS supplies. The PDS should be closely linked with programs of employment generation and nutrition improvement.
Q: What, according to the passage, would be the outcome of making the PDS target group oriented?
A. It will abolish the imbalance of urban and rural sector.
B. It will remove poverty.
C. It will give food to the poorest without additional cost.
D. It will motivate the target group population to work more.
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