The past decade has upset many preconceptions above development and this, more than anything else, makes it difficult to be overly definite about what the next decade has in store. However, there are a few things that one can assert with some confidence. First, education, health, and productive employment are crucial both for growth and for equity. We have tended to assume that all of these are the consequences of rapid economic growth and that only growth can generate the resources required for these purposes. However, increasingly, it appears that these are better seen as the causes rather than as consequences of development. Virtually every case of successful development involves a prior improvement in literacy, technical skills, health status, and access to productive work. Second, technological competence is the most important resource endowment and it explains a tar larger proportion of growth in output and trade than more conventional factors like natural resources or capital accumulation. The competence required is not just in research. In fact technological dynamism in the factory and the farm is more important than the presence of large research establishment. Third, the environmental imperative can no longer be ignored. Today, as an international issue, it is second only to disarmament. Nationally, the developmental consequences of environmental neglect are increasingly obvious. In the Pakistani context, there are at least two further factors, which reinforce the above propositions. The first is population growth. Given the pace of expansion of the population and the work force, human resource development acquires an added urgency. Population growth is also one, but not necessarily the most important factor, which underlines environmental stress in rural and urban areas. The second factor is that as a large country we cannot carve out an independent positioning the global system without building up a substantial capacity for self-reliant growth. The acquisition of technical competence is crucial for this purpose. Until now, we have tended to treat human resource development, technology issues and environment as subsidiary to the main task of planning. The thrust has been on: quantitative expansion of infrastructure and production with a focus on production targets like tones of steel, kWh of electricity etc., capacity targets like road length, rail kilometer age; and coverage targets like number of
schools and students, number of villages electrified etcetera, catching up with known technologies -Fuller use of natural resources -Maximum mobilization of financial resources.
Q:According to the author, which of the following cannot be viewed as cause of development?
Question # 5
Complete Sentence
The bandit .................... the traveller of his purse of gold and ................ him grievously.
Question # 6
Choose the Word Which has Opposite Meaning
Fluster:
Question # 7
DECEIT : DIPLICITY
Question # 8
The public distribution system, which provides food at low prices, is a subject of vital concern. There is a growing realization that though Ethiopia has enough food to feed its masses two square meals a day, the monster of starvation and food insecurity continues to haunt the poor in the country. Increasing the purchasing power of the poor through providing productive employment leading to rising income, and thus good standard of living is the ultimate objective of public policy. However, till then, there is a need to provide assured supply of food through a restructured, more efficient and decentralized public distribution system (PDS). Although the PDS is extensive - it is one of the largest such systems in the world - it has yet to reach the rural poor and the far off places. It remains an urban phenomenon, with the majority of the rural poor still out of its reach due to lack of economic and physical access. The poorest in the cities and the migrants are left out, for they generally do not possess ration cards. The allocation of PDS supplies in big cities is larger than in rural areas. In view of such deficiencies in the system, the PDS urgently needs to be streamlined. In addition, considering the large food grains production combined with food subsidy on one hand and the continuing slow starvation and dismal poverty of the rural population on the other, there is a strong case for making PDS target group oriented. The growing salaried class is provided job security., regular income, and percent insulation agaifl inflation. These gains of development have hot percolated down to the vast majority of our working population. If one compares only dearness allowance to the employees in public and private sector and looks at its growth in the past few years, the rising food subsidy is insignificant to the point of inequity. The food subsidy is a kind of D.A. to the poor, the self-employed and those in the unorganized sector of the economy. However, what is most unfortunate is that out of the large budget of the so-called food subsidy, the major part of it is administrative cost and wastages. A small portion of the above budget goes to the real consumer and an even lesser portion to the poor who are in real need. It is true that subsidies should not become a permanent feature, except for the destitute, disabled widows and the old. It is also true that subsidies often create a psychology of dependence and hence is habit-forming, killing the general initiative of the people. By making PDS target group oriented, not only the poorest and neediest would be reached without additional cost, but it will actually cut overall costs incurred on large cities and for better off localities. When the food and food subsidy are limited the rural and urban poor should have the priority in the PDS supplies. The PDS should be closely linked with programs of employment generation and nutrition improvement.
Q:What, according to the passage, would be the outcome of making the PDS target group oriented?
Question # 9
SLURP : NAP
Question # 10
Choose the Word Which has Opposite Meaning
Stigma:
Question # 11
Choose the Word Which has Opposite Meaning
Defile:
Question # 12
Choose the Word Which has Opposite Meaning
Perspicuity:
Question # 13
Choose the Word Which has Opposite Meaning
Shrill:
Question # 14
FANATICISM:
Question # 15
Choose the Word Which has Opposite Meaning
Equable:
Question # 16
ANIMOSITY:
Question # 17
Books are by far the most lasting product of human effort.Temples crumble into ruin, Pictures and statues decay,but books survive time dose not destroy the great thoughts which are as fresh today as when they first passed through their authors mind. These thoughts speak to us through the printed page.the only effect of time has been to throw out of currency the bad products. Nothing in literature which is not good can live for long.Good books have always helped man in various spheres of life no wonder that the world keeps its books with great care.i.Of the product of human effort books are the most:
Question # 18
There was a marked difference of quality between the personages who haunted the near bridge of brick and the personages who hunted the far one of stone.Those of lowest character preferred the former, adjoining the town: they did not mind the glare of the public eye.They had been of no account during their success and though they might feel dispirited they had no sense of shame in their ruin.Instead of sighing at their adversaries they spat, and instead of saying the iron had entered into their luck.The miserables who would pause on the remoter bridge were of a politer stamp-persons who did not know how to get rid of the weary time.The eyes species were mostly directed over the parapet upon the running water below. While one on the downward bridge did not mind who saw him so and kept his back to the parapet to survey the passerby,one on this never faced the road,never a stranger approached,as if some strange fish interested him though every finned thing had been poached out of the river years before.iii.The bridge of stone was frequented by:
Question # 19
Choose the Word Which has Opposite Meaning
Imperceptible:
Question # 20
Choose the Word Which has Opposite Meaning
Vague:
Question # 21
Recent advances in science and technology have made it possible for geneticists to find out abnormalities in the unborn fetus and take remedial action to rectify some defects which would otherwise prove to be fatal to the child. Though genetic engineering is still at its infancy, scientists can now predict with greater accuracy a genetic disorder. It is not yet an exact science since they are not in a position to predict when exactly a genetic disorder will set in. While they have not yet been able to change the genetic order of the gene in germs, they are optimistic and are holding out that in the near future they might be successful in achieving this feat. They have, however, acquired the ability in manipulating tissue cells. However, genetic misinformation can sometimes be damaging for it may adversely affect people psychologically. Genetic information may lead to a tendency to brand some people as inferiors. Genetic information can therefore be abused and its application in deciding the sex of the fetus and its subsequent abortion is now hotly debated on ethical lines. But on this issue geneticists cannot be squarely blamed though this charge has often been leveled at them. It is mainly a societal problem .At present genetic engineering is a costly process of detecting disorders but scientists hope to reduce the costs when technology becomes more advanced. This is why much progress in this area has been possible in scientifically advanced and rich countries like the U.S.A., U.K. and Japan. It remains to be seen if in the future this science will lead to the development of a race of supermen or will be able to obliterate disease from this world.
Q:Which of the following is not true of the genetic engineering movement?
Question # 22
Complete Sentence
The accused was released on ................... pending hearing of his case.
Question # 23
We must explore ------------- sources of energy as our supply of fossil fuel has been -------------.
Question # 24
Complete Sentence
Research has also ................. the illusion that chlidhood dreams are pure innocence.
Question # 25
Choose the Word Which has Opposite Meaning
Luxury:
Question # 26
Anthropologists who study orangutans,distant cousins of the human race find in the animals behaviour hints of how our earliest ancestors may have lived.It has long been accepted that primates originally dwelt in the treetops and only migrated to the ground as forests began to dwindle.While to a certain extent,all primates excepts humans spend at least some time dwelling in trees,the orangutan hardly ever ventures to the forest floor.Adult orangutans can grow as heavy as 330 pounds and live for decades,requiring copious amounts of fruit simply to stay alive.Thus,they become very jealous of the territory where they find their food.Compounding this territoriality are the breeding habits of orangutans since females can only breed every few years and,like humans give birth not to litters but single offspring.Consequently,orangutans are solitary,territorial animals who have difficulty foraging in any part of the forest where they were not raised Orangutans take from poachers by customs agents undergo incredible hardship on their return to the wild.Incorrectly relocating a male orangutan is especially problematic,often ending in the animal's death at the hands of a rival who sees not only his territory but also the females of his loosely knit community under threat from an outsider.while humans like chimpanzees are more gregarious and resourceful than orangutans the latter provide anthropologists with useful information about the behaviour of pre hominid primates and how apelike behaviour influenced out ancestors search for the food and family beneath the forest's canopy.v.According to the author anthropologists study the behaviour of orangutans in order to:
Question # 27
Choose the word/phrase related to given word/phrase
KNOWLEDGE: IGNORANCE
Question # 28
Choose the Word Which has Opposite Meaning
Salvage:
Question # 29
Choose the Word Which has Opposite Meaning
Debar:
Question # 30
Recent advances in science and technology have made it possible for geneticists to find out abnormalities in the unborn fetus and take remedial action to rectify some defects which would otherwise prove to be fatal to the child. Though genetic engineering is still at its infancy, scientists can now predict with greater accuracy a genetic disorder. It is not yet an exact science since they are not in a position to predict when exactly a genetic disorder will set in. While they have not yet been able to change the genetic order of the gene in germs, they are optimistic and are holding out that in the near future they might be successful in achieving this feat. They have, however, acquired the ability in manipulating tissue cells. However, genetic misinformation can sometimes be damaging for it may adversely affect people psychologically. Genetic information may lead to a tendency to brand some people as inferiors. Genetic information can therefore be abused and its application in deciding the sex of the fetus and its subsequent abortion is now hotly debated on ethical lines. But on this issue geneticists cannot be squarely blamed though this charge has often been leveled at them. It is mainly a societal problem .At present genetic engineering is a costly process of detecting disorders but scientists hope to reduce the costs when technology becomes more advanced. This is why much progress in this area has been possible in scientifically advanced and rich countries like the U.S.A., U.K. and Japan. It remains to be seen if in the future this science will lead to the development of a race of supermen or will be able to obliterate disease from this world.
Q:At present genetic engineering can rectify all genetic disorders. Is it?
Question # 31
Complete Sentence
The legal system of Russia can no longer regard itself as ............. and standing apart from those of other countries.
Question # 32
Complete Sentence
A glue produced by bees to ................... their hives appears to contain antibiotic substances.
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