1 |
The ratio of debt to GDP will be larger |
The lower the real interest rate
The lower the growth rate of output
The lower the in initial debt ratio
The lower the ratio of the primary deficit to GDP
|
2 |
The relation between M2 and inflation is tighter than the relation between M1 and inflation because. |
M1 is larger than M2
The demand for M2 is more stable
M1 includes more liquid assets the M2
None of the above answers is correct.
|
3 |
Those who favor setting the target rate of inflation at about 3% believe. |
The cost of moderate inflation can be minimized by indexing the tax system and bonds
that the cost of going to 0% is very low
That moderate inflation increases money illusion
Believe that moderate inflation aggravates the time inconsistency problem
|
4 |
Monetary policy can affect output. |
this statement is always true
This statements always false
This statement is true only in the short run
This statement is true only in the medium run and the long run
|
5 |
Net taxes are. |
Government expenditures minus government revenues.
Taxes paid by firms and households to the government minus the transfer payments made to firms and household.
Taxes paid by firms and household to the government plus transfer payments made to firms and hose holds.
Taxes paid by firms and hose hold to the government minus the cost of collecting the taxes.
|
6 |
A Political problem with discretionary fiscal policy is the. |
Contractionary bias
Big state bias
Expansionary bias
Over reaction bias
|
7 |
Which of the following would qualify as an aggregate demand shocks. |
An unexpected increase in oil prices
A seasonally expected increase in oil prices
An unexpected reduction in consumer confidence
an anticipated tax cut
|
8 |
Which of the following would qualify as an aggregate supply shock. |
An unexpected increase in oil prices
Seasonally expected increase in oil prices
An unexpected reduction in consumer confidence
an anticipated tax cut
|
9 |
Short run contractionary Fiscal policy would result in. |
Aggregate demand moving to the right
Aggregate supply moving to the right
Aggregate demand moving to the left
Aggregate supply moving to the left
|
10 |
An example of nondiscretionary fiscal policy would be. |
The operation of the welfare state
A Federal jobs program adopted to stimulate consumption
A tax cut adopted to stimulate consumption
An interest rate cut implemented to stimulate consumption
|
11 |
An example of discretionary fiscal policy would be. |
The operation of the welfare sate
The operation of the processive federal income tax
A tax cut adopted to stimulate consumption
An interest rate out in plummeted to stimulate consumption
|
12 |
Fiscal policy is purposeful movements in _____designed to direct an economy |
Interest rate
Legal structures
Government regulations
D Government spending and taxes
|
13 |
The purpose of fiscal policy is to |
Alter the direction of the economy
Change people's attitudes toward governemnt
Educate people as to the importance of economics
Offer insight into the way thing work
|
14 |
By controlling the monetary base economists mean |
Controlling the money multiplier
Restricting the amount of cash in circulation
Not allowing commercial banks to issue notes and coins
making banks keep a certain % of their assets as M0
|
15 |
If the Bank of Pakistan wished to pursue an expansionary monetary policy it would. |
Increase the minimum reserve asset ratio
Sell government securities on the open market
Buy government securities on the open market
Raise interest rates.
|
16 |
If the Bank of Pakistan wished to pursue a tight monetary policy is would. |
Sell government securities on the open market.
Reduce the minimum reserve asset ratio
Buy government securities on the open market.
Lower interest rates
|
17 |
By financial crowding our economists mean |
What the government borrows cannot be used for private investment
Government borrowing drives up interest rates.
Bank of England controls on commercial bank lending
Credit rationing
|
18 |
The idea that the money supply should change to accommodate changes in aggregate demand is associated with the ideas of. |
Milton Friedman
Ronald reagan
Margaret Thatcher
John Maynard Keynes
|
19 |
Following the work of _____________ in the 1960s, and the controversy associated with these views in the 1970s, there was a revival of interest by economists and government in monetary policy. |
Milton Friedman
Ronald Reagan
Margaret Thatcher
John Maynard Keynes
|
20 |
As the required reserve ratio is decreased the money multiplier. |
Could either increase or decrease
Remains the same as long as banks hold no excess reserves
Increase
Decreases
|
21 |
The parable of Riding a Switchback suggests that stabilizing policy. |
Is not sufficiently stimulating or contra citing the economy at any time
Is desirable
Is effective
Is stimulating or contracting the economy at the wrong times.
|
22 |
The implementation lag for monetary policy is generally |
Much longer than it is for fiscal policy
Unrelated to central bank action
The same as it is for fiscal policy
Much shorter than it is for fiscal policy.
|
23 |
Time lags which often erode effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policy measures represent. |
The change in export and import price.
Delays in the response of the economy to stabilization policy.
The foreign response to price changes
The change in exchang erates
|
24 |
The budget deficit tends to decrease when |
GDP increases
GDP decreases rapidly
GDP remains unchanged
GDP decreases slightly
|
25 |
The negative effect on the economy that occurs when average tax rates increases because taxpayers have moved into higher income brackets during an expansion is. |
Fiscal drag
The Laffer curve
Bracket creep
Debt burden
|
26 |
Fiscal policy refers to. |
The actions of the central bank in controlling the money supply
The government's altitude to taxation
The spending and taxing policies used by the government to influence the economy
The governments regulation of financial intermediaries.
|
27 |
According to the supply side model a reduction in the tax rate. |
Could reduce the size of any budget deficit
Would have no effect on output
Would have no effect on consumption
None of the above
|
28 |
The quantity theory of money allows monetarists to obtain a number of economics predictions by assuming a constant. |
Velocity of money
Nominal output
Overall price level
Stock of money
|
29 |
At any given level of the interest rate expectations are likely to be___________ optimistic and planned investment is likely to be ______ when _________ is growing rapidly than when it is growing slowly or falling. |
Less ; higher ; output.
more ; higher ; output
less ; lower ; unplanned investment
more ; lower ; unplanned investment
|
30 |
Keynes suggested that ________ income households consume a ____ proportion of their income than ____ income households. |
Low ; smaller ; high
Low ; larger ; high
low ; smaller ; middle
High ; larger ; low
|