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A great deal of discussion continues as to the real extent
of global environment degradation and its implications. What few people
challenge however is that the renewable natural resources of developing countries
are today subject to stresses of unprecedented magnitude. These pressures are
brought about, in part, by increased population and the quest for an ever
expanding food supply. Because the health, nutrition and general well-being of
the poor majority are directly dependent on the integrity and productivity of
their natural resources, the capability of government to manage them
effectively over the long term becomes of paramount important.
Developing countries are becoming more aware of the ways in
which present and future economic development must built upon a sound and
sustainable natural resource base. Some are looking at our long tradition in
environmental protection and are receptive to U.S. assistance which recognizes
the uniqueness of the social and ecological system in these tropical countries.
Developing countries recognize the need to improve their capability to analyze
issues and their own natural resource management. In February 1981, for
example, AID funded a national Academy of Sciences panel to advise Nepal on its
severe natural resource degradation problems. Some countries such as Senegal,
India, Indonesia and Thailand, are now including conservation concerns in their
economic development planning process.
Because so many governments of developing nations have
recognized the importance of these issues, the need today is not merely one of
raising additional consciousness, but for carefully designed and sharply
focused activities aimed at management regimes that are essential to the
achievement of sustained development. Q: Technical know-how developed in the USA
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A. Cannot be easily assimilated by the technocrats of the developing countries
B. Can be properly utilized on the basis of developing countries being able to launch an in-depth study of their specific problems
C. Can be easily borrowed by the developing countries to solve the problem of environmental degradation
D. Can be very effective in solving the problem of resource management in tropical countries
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BRISK
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A. Engrossed
B. Occupied
C. Diligent
D. Swift
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He is believed to be a very industrious worker.
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A. Successful
B. Sensible
C. Punctual
D. Diligent
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Recent
advances in science and technology have made it possible for geneticists to
find out abnormalities in the unborn foetus and take remedial action to rectify
some defects which would otherwise prove to be fatal to the child. Though
genetic engineering is still at tis infancy, scientists can now predict with
greater accuracy, a genetic disorder. It is not yet an exact science since they
are not in a position to predict when exactly a genetic disorder will set in.
While they have not yet been able to change the genetic order of the gene in
germs, they are optimistic and are holding about that in the near future they
might be successful in achieving this feat. They have, however, acquired the
ability to manipulate tissue cells. However, genetic mis-information can sometimes
be damaging for it may adversely affect people psychologically. Genetic
information may lead to a tendency to brand some people as inferiors. Genetic
information can therefore be abused and its application in deciding the sex of
the foetus and its subsequent abortion is now hotly debated on ethical lines.
But on this issue geneticists cannot be squarely blamed though this charge has
often been leveled at them. It is mainly a societal problem. At present genetic
engineering is a costly process of detecting disorders but scientists hope to
reduce the costs when technology becomes more advanced. This why much progress
in this area has been possible in scientifically advanced and rich countries
like the U.S.A., U.K., and Japan. It remains to be seen if in the future this
science will lead to the development of a race of supermen or will be able to
obliterate illness from this world. Q: Which of the following, according to the author, could be the short-coming of genetic in becoming an exact science?
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A. There is a lack of advance technology to explore hidden areas of human brain.
B. Technicians have not been able to manipulate germ cells.
C. Ordinary microscope is unable to observe nerve cells
D. Genetics is too complex to resolve some useful information
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Immaculate: Spotless
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A. Fastidious: Punctilious
B. Careless: Carefree
C. Mitigate: Pain
D. Allay: Aggravate
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Anthropologists who study orangutans, distant cousins of the
human race, find in the animals behavior hints of how our earliest ancestors
may have lived. It has long been accepted that primates originally dwelt in the
treetops and only migrated to the ground as forests began to dwindle. While to
a certain extent, all primates except humans spend at least some time dwelling
in trees, the orangutans, can grow as heavy as 330 pounds and live for decades,
requiring copious amounts of fruits simply to stay alive. Thus, they become
very jealous of the territory where they find their food. Compounding his
territoriality are the breeding habits of orangulants, since females can only
breed every few years and, like humans, give birth not to litters but single
off-spring.
Consequently, orangutans are solitary, territorial animals
who have difficulty foraging in an part of the forest where they were not raised.
Orangutans take from poachers by costums agents undergo incredible hardship on
their return to the wild. Incorrectly relocating a male orangutan is especially
problematic, often ending in the animal’s death at the hands of a rival who
sees not only his territory but also the females of his loosely knit community
under threat from an outsider. While humans, like chimpanzees, are more
gregarious and resourceful then orangutans, the latter provide anthropologists
with useful information about the behavior of prehominid primates and how
apelike behavior influenced out ancestors search for the food and family
beneath the forest canopy. According to the author, anthropologists study the behavior of orangutans in order to
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A. Prevent orangutans from becoming the target of poaching
B. Assist customs agents in the relocation of orangutans
C. Analyse the causes and consequences of contemporary human behavior
D. Prevent larger orangutans from eliminating their weaker rivals
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Through the U.S. prides itself on behing a leader in the
world community, a recent report shows that it lags far behind other industrialized
countries in meeting the needs of its youngest and most vulnerable citizens.
The U.S. has a higher infant mortality rate, a higher proportion of low birth
weight babies, a smaller proportion of babies immunized against childhood
diseases and a much higher rate adolescent pregnancies. These findings,
described as a quiet crisis requiring immediate and far-reaching action,
appeared in a report prepared by a task force of educators, doctors,
politicians and business people. According to the report, a fourth of the
nation’s 12 infants and toddlers live in poverty. As many as half confront risk
factors that could harm their ability to develop intellectually, physically and
socially. Child immunizations are too low, more children are born into poverty,
more are in substandard care while their parents work and more are being raised
by single parents When taken together, these and other risk factor can lead to
educational and health problems that are much harder and more costly to
reverse.
The crisis beings in the womb with unplanned parenthood.
Women with unplanned pregnancies are less likely to seek pre-natal care. In the
U.S. 80% of teenage pregnancies and 56% of all pregnancies are unplanned. The
problems continue after birth where unplanned pregnancies and unstable
partnerships often go hand in hand. Since 1950, the number of single parent
families had nearly tripled. More than 25 percent of all births today are to unmarried
mothers. As the number of single parent families grows and more women enter the
work force, infants and toddlers are increasingly in the care of people other
than their parents.
Most disturbingly, recent statistics show that American
parents are increasingly neglecting or abusing their children. In only four
years from 1987-1991, the number of children in foster care increased by over
50 percent. Babies under the age of one are the fastest growing category of
children entering foster care. The crisis affects children under the age of
three most severely the report says. Yet, it is this period-from infancy
through preschool years- that sets the stage for a child’s future. The main focus of the passage is on the plight of
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A. Low birth weight babies
B. Unwed mothers
C. Orphaned children
D. Teenage mothers
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DEVOID
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A. Liberty
B. Innermost
C. Faithless
D. Replete
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The cheerful, lively sound of folk music --------- almost everyone.
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A. Expired
B. Consoled
C. Revived
D. Accustomed
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The 1965 Indo-Pak war was fought on which issue?
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A. Ran of Kuch Issue
B. Independence of Kashmir
C. Issue of Pakhtoonistan
D. None of above
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