CSS Online Entry Test With Answers

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CSS Online Entry Test

Sr. # Questions Answers Choice
1
Q-4. Both plants and animals of many sorts show remarkable changes in form,structure,growth habits,and even mode of reproduction in becoming adapted to different climatic environment,types of food supply,or mode of living.This divergence in response to evolution is commonly expressed by altering the form and function of some part or parts of the organism,the original identity of which is clearly discernible.For example,the creeping foot of the snail is seen in related marine pteropods to be modified into a flapping organ useful for swimming,and is changed into prehensile arms that bear suctorial disks in the squids and other cephalopods.The limbs of various mammals are modified according to several different modes of life-----for swift running (cursorial) as in the horse and antelope,for swinging in trees (arboreal) as in the monkeys,for digging (fossorial) as in the moles and gophers,for flying (volant) as in the bats,for swimming (aquatic) as in the sales,whales,and dolphins, and for other adaptations,the structures or organs that show main change in connection with this adaptive divergence are commonly identified readily as homologous,in spite of great alterations.Thus,the finger and wrist bones of a bat and whale,for instance,have virtually nothing in common except that they are definitely equivalent elements of the mammalian limb.

iii.Which of the following words could best be substituted for "homologous" in passage without substantially changing the author's meaning?
 Altered mammalian Corresponding Divergent Tactile
2
Q-4. Both plants and animals of many sorts show remarkable changes in form,structure,growth habits,and even mode of reproduction in becoming adapted to different climatic environment,types of food supply,or mode of living.This divergence in response to evolution is commonly expressed by altering the form and function of some part or parts of the organism,the original identity of which is clearly discernible.For example,the creeping foot of the snail is seen in related marine pteropods to be modified into a flapping organ useful for swimming,and is changed into prehensile arms that bear suctorial disks in the squids and other cephalopods.The limbs of various mammals are modified according to several different modes of life-----for swift running (cursorial) as in the horse and antelope,for swinging in trees (arboreal) as in the monkeys,for digging (fossorial) as in the moles and gophers,for flying (volant) as in the bats,for swimming (aquatic) as in the sales,whales,and dolphins, and for other adaptations,the structures or organs that show main change in connection with this adaptive divergence are commonly identified readily as homologous,in spite of great alterations.Thus,the finger and wrist bones of a bat and whale,for instance,have virtually nothing in common except that they are definitely equivalent elements of the mammalian limb.
ii.The author provides information that would answer which of the following question?

I.What factors cause change in organisms?
II.What is the theory of evolution?
III.How are horses' legs related to seals'flippers?
 I only II only I and II only I and III only I,II,and III
3
Q-4. Both plants and animals of many sorts show remarkable changes in form,structure,growth habits,and even mode of reproduction in becoming adapted to different climatic environment,types of food supply,or mode of living.This divergence in response to evolution is commonly expressed by altering the form and function of some part or parts of the organism,the original identity of which is clearly discernible.For example,the creeping foot of the snail is seen in related marine pteropods to be modified into a flapping organ useful for swimming,and is changed into prehensile arms that bear suctorial disks in the squids and other cephalopods.The limbs of various mammals are modified according to several different modes of life-----for swift running (cursorial) as in the horse and antelope,for swinging in trees (arboreal) as in the monkeys,for digging (fossorial) as in the moles and gophers,for flying (volant) as in the bats,for swimming (aquatic) as in the sales,whales,and dolphins, and for other adaptations,the structures or organs that show main change in connection with this adaptive divergence are commonly identified readily as homologous,in spite of great alterations.Thus,the finger and wrist bones of a bat and whale,for instance,have virtually nothing in common except that they are definitely equivalent elements of the mammalian limb.

i.Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage,based on its content?
 Adaptive Divergence Evolution Unusual Structures Changes in Organs Our Changing Bodies
4
Q-3. For me,scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical sciences,natural sciences dealing with the natural world (physical and biological sciences).and sciences dealing with mankind(psychology,sociology, all the sciences of cultural achievements,every kind of historical knowledge).Apart from these sciences is philosophy,about which we will talk shortly.In the first place,all this is pure or theoretical knowledge sought only for the purpose of understanding in order to fulfil the need to understand that is irtrinsic and comsubstantial to man.What distinguishes man from animal is that he knows and needs to know.If man did not know that the world existed,and that the world was of a certain kind,that he was in the world and that he himself was of a certain kind,he wouldn't be man.The technical aspects of applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance,because they also contribute to defining him as man and permit him to a pursue a life increasingly more truly human.
But even while enjoying the results of technical progress,he must defend the primacy and autonomy of pure knowledge.Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications will have immediate and foreseeable success,but not the kind of important result whose revolutionary scope is in large part unforeseen,except by the imagination of the Utopians.Let me  recall well-known example.If the Greek mathematicians had not applied themselves to the investigation of conic sections,zealously and without the least suspicion that it might someday be useful it would not have been possible centuries later to navigate far from shore.The first men to study the nature of electricity could not imagine that their experiments,carried on because of mere intellectual curiosity,would eventually lead to modern electrical technology without which we can scarcely conceive of contemporary life.Pure knowledge is valuable for its own sake,because the human spirit cannot resign itself to ignorance but in addition it is the foundation for practical results that would not have been reached if this knowledge had not been sought disinterestedly.

iii.It can inferred from the passage that to the author man's need to know is chiefy important in that it?
 Allows the human race to progress technically Encompasses both the physical and social sciences Demonstrates human vulnerability Defines man's essential humanity Has increased as our knowledge of the world has grown
5
Q-3. For me,scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical sciences,natural sciences dealing with the natural world (physical and biological sciences).and sciences dealing with mankind(psychology,sociology, all the sciences of cultural achievements,every kind of historical knowledge).Apart from these sciences is philosophy,about which we will talk shortly.In the first place,all this is pure or theoretical knowledge sought only for the purpose of understanding in order to fulfil the need to understand that is irtrinsic and comsubstantial to man.What distinguishes man from animal is that he knows and needs to know.If man did not know that the world existed,and that the world was of a certain kind,that he was in the world and that he himself was of a certain kind,he wouldn't be man.The technical aspects of applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance,because they also contribute to defining him as man and permit him to a pursue a life increasingly more truly human.
But even while enjoying the results of technical progress,he must defend the primacy and autonomy of pure knowledge.Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications will have immediate and foreseeable success,but not the kind of important result whose revolutionary scope is in large part unforeseen,except by the imagination of the Utopians.Let me  recall well-known example.If the Greek mathematicians had not applied themselves to the investigation of conic sections,zealously and without the least suspicion that it might someday be useful it would not have been possible centuries later to navigate far from shore.The first men to study the nature of electricity could not imagine that their experiments,carried on because of mere intellectual curiosity,would eventually lead to modern electrical technology without which we can scarcely conceive of contemporary life.Pure knowledge is valuable for its own sake,because the human spirit cannot resign itself to ignorance but in addition it is the foundation for practical results that would not have been reached if this knowledge had not been sought disinterestedly.

ii.The title below that best express the ideas of this passage is?
 Technical progress A Little Learning Is a Dangerous Thing Man's Distinguishing Characteristics Learning for its own sake The difference between science and Philiosophy
6
Q-3. For me,scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical sciences,natural sciences dealing with the natural world (physical and biological sciences).and sciences dealing with mankind(psychology,sociology, all the sciences of cultural achievements,every kind of historical knowledge).Apart from these sciences is philosophy,about which we will talk shortly.In the first place,all this is pure or theoretical knowledge sought only for the purpose of understanding in order to fulfil the need to understand that is irtrinsic and comsubstantial to man.What distinguishes man from animal is that he knows and needs to know.If man did not know that the world existed,and that the world was of a certain kind,that he was in the world and that he himself was of a certain kind,he wouldn't be man.The technical aspects of applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance,because they also contribute to defining him as man and permit him to a pursue a life increasingly more truly human.
But even while enjoying the results of technical progress,he must defend the primacy and autonomy of pure knowledge.Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications will have immediate and foreseeable success,but not the kind of important result whose revolutionary scope is in large part unforeseen,except by the imagination of the Utopians.Let me  recall well-known example.If the Greek mathematicians had not applied themselves to the investigation of conic sections,zealously and without the least suspicion that it might someday be useful it would not have been possible centuries later to navigate far from shore.The first men to study the nature of electricity could not imagine that their experiments,carried on because of mere intellectual curiosity,would eventually lead to modern electrical technology without which we can scarcely conceive of contemporary life.Pure knowledge is valuable for its own sake,because the human spirit cannot resign itself to ignorance but in addition it is the foundation for practical results that would not have been reached if this knowledge had not been sought disinterestedly.

i.The author points out that the Greeks who studied conic sections?
 Invented modern mathematical applications Were interested in navigation Were unaware of the value of their studies Worked with electricity Were forced to resign themselves to failure
7
Q-2.The history of mammals dates back at least to Triassic time.Development was retarded,however,until the sudden acceleration of evolutional change that occurred in the oldest Paleocene.This led in Eocene time to increase in average size,larger mental capacity,and special adaptations for different modes of life.In the Oligocene Epoch,there was further improvement,with appearance of some new lines and extinction of others.Miocene and Pliocene time was marked by culmination of several groups and continued approach toward modern characters.The peak of the career of mamals in variety and average large size was attained in the Miocene.
The adaptation of mammals to almost all possible modes of life parallels that of the reptiles in Mesozoic time,and except for greater intelligence,the mammals do not seem to have done much better than corresponding reptilian forms.The bat is doubtless a better flying animal than the pterosaur,but the dolphin horse and the antelope must excel any of the dinosaurs.The tyrannosaur was a more ponderous and powerful carnivore than any flesh-eating mammal,but the lion or tiger is probably a more efficient and dangerous beast of prey because of a superior brain.The significant point to observe is that different branches of the mammals gradually fitted themselves for all sorts of life,grazing on the plains and able to run swiftly (horse,deer,bison).living in rivers and swamps (hippopotamus,beaver),dwelling in trees (sloth,monkey) digging underground (mole,rodent),feeding on flesh in the forest (tiger) and on the plain (wolf),swimming in the sea (dolphin,whale,seal) and flying in the air (bat).Man is able by mechanical means to conquer the physical world and to adapt himself to almost any set of conditions.
This adaptation produces gradual changes of from and structure.It is biologically characteristic of the youthful,plastic stage of a group.Early in its career,an animal assemblage seems to possess capacity for change,which,as the unit becomes old and fixed disappears.The generalised types of organisms retain longest the ability to make adjustments when required,and it is from them that new,fecund stocks take origin - certianly not from any specialised end-products.So,in the mammals we witness the birth plastic spread in many directions,increasing specialisation,and in some branches,the extinction which we have learned from observation of the geologic record of life is a characteristic of the evolution of life.

vi.With which of the following proverbial expressions about human existence would the author be most likely to agree?
 It's a cruel world. All the world's stage. A short life.but a merry one. Footprints in the sands of time. The more things change the more they remain the same.
8
Q-2.The history of mammals dates back at least to Triassic time.Development was retarded,however,until the sudden acceleration of evolutional change that occurred in the oldest Paleocene.This led in Eocene time to increase in average size,larger mental capacity,and special adaptations for different modes of life.In the Oligocene Epoch,there was further improvement,with appearance of some new lines and extinction of others.Miocene and Pliocene time was marked by culmination of several groups and continued approach toward modern characters.The peak of the career of mamals in variety and average large size was attained in the Miocene.
The adaptation of mammals to almost all possible modes of life parallels that of the reptiles in Mesozoic time,and except for greater intelligence,the mammals do not seem to have done much better than corresponding reptilian forms.The bat is doubtless a better flying animal than the pterosaur,but the dolphin horse and the antelope must excel any of the dinosaurs.The tyrannosaur was a more ponderous and powerful carnivore than any flesh-eating mammal,but the lion or tiger is probably a more efficient and dangerous beast of prey because of a superior brain.The significant point to observe is that different branches of the mammals gradually fitted themselves for all sorts of life,grazing on the plains and able to run swiftly (horse,deer,bison).living in rivers and swamps (hippopotamus,beaver),dwelling in trees (sloth,monkey) digging underground (mole,rodent),feeding on flesh in the forest (tiger) and on the plain (wolf),swimming in the sea (dolphin,whale,seal) and flying in the air (bat).Man is able by mechanical means to conquer the physical world and to adapt himself to almost any set of conditions.
This adaptation produces gradual changes of from and structure.It is biologically characteristic of the youthful,plastic stage of a group.Early in its career,an animal assemblage seems to possess capacity for change,which,as the unit becomes old and fixed disappears.The generalised types of organisms retain longest the ability to make adjustments when required,and it is from them that new,fecund stocks take origin - certianly not from any specialised end-products.So,in the mammals we witness the birth plastic spread in many directions,increasing specialisation,and in some branches,the extinction which we have learned from observation of the geologic record of life is a characteristic of the evolution of life.

v.It can inferred from the passage that the evidence the author uses in discussing the life of past time periods?
 Was developed by Charles Darwin Was uncovered by the author Has been negated by more recent evidence Was never definitely established Is based on fossil remains
9
Q-2.The history of mammals dates back at least to Triassic time.Development was retarded,however,until the sudden acceleration of evolutional change that occurred in the oldest Paleocene.This led in Eocene time to increase in average size,larger mental capacity,and special adaptations for different modes of life.In the Oligocene Epoch,there was further improvement,with appearance of some new lines and extinction of others.Miocene and Pliocene time was marked by culmination of several groups and continued approach toward modern characters.The peak of the career of mamals in variety and average large size was attained in the Miocene.
The adaptation of mammals to almost all possible modes of life parallels that of the reptiles in Mesozoic time,and except for greater intelligence,the mammals do not seem to have done much better than corresponding reptilian forms.The bat is doubtless a better flying animal than the pterosaur,but the dolphin horse and the antelope must excel any of the dinosaurs.The tyrannosaur was a more ponderous and powerful carnivore than any flesh-eating mammal,but the lion or tiger is probably a more efficient and dangerous beast of prey because of a superior brain.The significant point to observe is that different branches of the mammals gradually fitted themselves for all sorts of life,grazing on the plains and able to run swiftly (horse,deer,bison).living in rivers and swamps (hippopotamus,beaver),dwelling in trees (sloth,monkey) digging underground (mole,rodent),feeding on flesh in the forest (tiger) and on the plain (wolf),swimming in the sea (dolphin,whale,seal) and flying in the air (bat).Man is able by mechanical means to conquer the physical world and to adapt himself to almost any set of conditions.
This adaptation produces gradual changes of from and structure.It is biologically characteristic of the youthful,plastic stage of a group.Early in its career,an animal assemblage seems to possess capacity for change,which,as the unit becomes old and fixed disappears.The generalised types of organisms retain longest the ability to make adjustments when required,and it is from them that new,fecund stocks take origin - certianly not from any specialised end-products.So,in the mammals we witness the birth plastic spread in many directions,increasing specialisation,and in some branches,the extinction which we have learned from observation of the geologic record of life is a characteristic of the evolution of life.
iv.According to the passage,the greatest number of forms of mammalian life is found in the.
 Triassic period Eocene period Oligocene period Pliocene period Miocene period
10
Q-2.The history of mammals dates back at least to Triassic time.Development was retarded,however,until the sudden acceleration of evolutional change that occurred in the oldest Paleocene.This led in Eocene time to increase in average size,larger mental capacity,and special adaptations for different modes of life.In the Oligocene Epoch,there was further improvement,with appearance of some new lines and extinction of others.Miocene and Pliocene time was marked by culmination of several groups and continued approach toward modern characters.The peak of the career of mamals in variety and average large size was attained in the Miocene.
The adaptation of mammals to almost all possible modes of life parallels that of the reptiles in Mesozoic time,and except for greater intelligence,the mammals do not seem to have done much better than corresponding reptilian forms.The bat is doubtless a better flying animal than the pterosaur,but the dolphin horse and the antelope must excel any of the dinosaurs.The tyrannosaur was a more ponderous and powerful carnivore than any flesh-eating mammal,but the lion or tiger is probably a more efficient and dangerous beast of prey because of a superior brain.The significant point to observe is that different branches of the mammals gradually fitted themselves for all sorts of life,grazing on the plains and able to run swiftly (horse,deer,bison).living in rivers and swamps (hippopotamus,beaver),dwelling in trees (sloth,monkey) digging underground (mole,rodent),feeding on flesh in the forest (tiger) and on the plain (wolf),swimming in the sea (dolphin,whale,seal) and flying in the air (bat).Man is able by mechanical means to conquer the physical world and to adapt himself to almost any set of conditions.
This adaptation produces gradual changes of from and structure.It is biologically characteristic of the youthful,plastic stage of a group.Early in its career,an animal assemblage seems to possess capacity for change,which,as the unit becomes old and fixed disappears.The generalised types of organisms retain longest the ability to make adjustments when required,and it is from them that new,fecund stocks take origin - certianly not from any specialised end-products.So,in the mammals we witness the birth plastic spread in many directions,increasing specialisation,and in some branches,the extinction which we have learned from observation of the geologic record of life is a characteristic of the evolution of life.
iii. It can inferred from the passage that the pterosaur
 Resembled the bat Was a Mesozoic mammal Was a flying reptile Lived in the sea Evolved during the Miocene period
11
Q-2.The history of mammals dates back at least to Triassic time.Development was retarded,however,until the sudden acceleration of evolutional change that occurred in the oldest Paleocene.This led in Eocene time to increase in average size,larger mental capacity,and special adaptations for different modes of life.In the Oligocene Epoch,there was further improvement,with appearance of some new lines and extinction of others.Miocene and Pliocene time was marked by culmination of several groups and continued approach toward modern characters.The peak of the career of mamals in variety and average large size was attained in the Miocene.
The adaptation of mammals to almost all possible modes of life parallels that of the reptiles in Mesozoic time,and except for greater intelligence,the mammals do not seem to have done much better than corresponding reptilian forms.The bat is doubtless a better flying animal than the pterosaur,but the dolphin horse and the antelope must excel any of the dinosaurs.The tyrannosaur was a more ponderous and powerful carnivore than any flesh-eating mammal,but the lion or tiger is probably a more efficient and dangerous beast of prey because of a superior brain.The significant point to observe is that different branches of the mammals gradually fitted themselves for all sorts of life,grazing on the plains and able to run swiftly (horse,deer,bison).living in rivers and swamps (hippopotamus,beaver),dwelling in trees (sloth,monkey) digging underground (mole,rodent),feeding on flesh in the forest (tiger) and on the plain (wolf),swimming in the sea (dolphin,whale,seal) and flying in the air (bat).Man is able by mechanical means to conquer the physical world and to adapt himself to almost any set of conditions.
This adaptation produces gradual changes of from and structure.It is biologically characteristic of the youthful,plastic stage of a group.Early in its career,an animal assemblage seems to possess capacity for change,which,as the unit becomes old and fixed disappears.The generalised types of organisms retain longest the ability to make adjustments when required,and it is from them that new,fecund stocks take origin - certianly not from any specialised end-products.So,in the mammals we witness the birth plastic spread in many directions,increasing specialisation,and in some branches,the extinction which we have learned from observation of the geologic record of life is a characteristic of the evolution of life.
ii.It can be inferred from the passage that the chronological order of the geologic periods is.
 Paleocene,Miocene,Triassic,Mesozoic Paleocene,Triassic,Mesozoic,Miocene Miocene,Paleocene,Triassic,Mesozoic Mesozoic,Oligocene,Paleocene,Miocene Mesozoic,Paleocene,Eocene,Miocene
12
Q-2.The history of mammals dates back at least to Triassic time.Development was retarded,however,until the sudden acceleration of evolutional change that occurred in the oldest Paleocene.This led in Eocene time to increase in average size,larger mental capacity,and special adaptations for different modes of life.In the Oligocene Epoch,there was further improvement,with appearance of some new lines and extinction of others.Miocene and Pliocene time was marked by culmination of several groups and continued approach toward modern characters.The peak of the career of mamals in variety and average large size was attained in the Miocene.
The adaptation of mammals to almost all possible modes of life parallels that of the reptiles in Mesozoic time,and except for greater intelligence,the mammals do not seem to have done much better than corresponding reptilian forms.The bat is doubtless a better flying animal than the pterosaur,but the dolphin horse and the antelope must excel any of the dinosaurs.The tyrannosaur was a more ponderous and powerful carnivore than any flesh-eating mammal,but the lion or tiger is probably a more efficient and dangerous beast of prey because of a superior brain.The significant point to observe is that different branches of the mammals gradually fitted themselves for all sorts of life,grazing on the plains and able to run swiftly (horse,deer,bison).living in rivers and swamps (hippopotamus,beaver),dwelling in trees (sloth,monkey) digging underground (mole,rodent),feeding on flesh in the forest (tiger) and on the plain (wolf),swimming in the sea (dolphin,whale,seal) and flying in the air (bat).Man is able by mechanical means to conquer the physical world and to adapt himself to almost any set of conditions.
This adaptation produces gradual changes of from and structure.It is biologically characteristic of the youthful,plastic stage of a group.Early in its career,an animal assemblage seems to possess capacity for change,which,as the unit becomes old and fixed disappears.The generalised types of organisms retain longest the ability to make adjustments when required,and it is from them that new,fecund stocks take origin - certianly not from any specialised end-products.So,in the mammals we witness the birth plastic spread in many directions,increasing specialisation,and in some branches,the extinction which we have learned from observation of the geologic record of life is a characteristic of the evolution of life.
i. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the passage?
 From Dinosaur to Man Adaptation and Extinction The Superiority of Mammals The Geologic Life Span Man,Conqueror of the Physical World
13
Q-1,One phase of the business cycle is the expansion phase,This phase is a twofold one,including recovery and prosperity,During the recovery period there is ever-growing expansion of existing facilities,and new facilities for production are created.more businesses are created and older ones expanded.Improvements of various kinds are made.There is an ever-increasing optimism about the future of economic growth.Much capital is invested in machinery or "heavy" industry.More labour is employed.More raw materials are required.As one part of the economy develops.other parts are affected.For example a great expansion in automobiles results in an expansion of the steel,glass and rubber industries.Roads are required;thus the cement and machinery industries are stimulated.Demand for labour and materials results in greater prosperity for workers and suppliers of raw  materials,including farmers.this increases purchasing power and the volume of goods bought and sold.Thus prosperity is diffused among the various segments of the population.This prosperity period may continue to rise and rise without an apparent end.However,a time comes when this phase reaches a peak and stops spiralling upwards.This is the end of the expansion phase.
iii. Which of the following statements would be most likely to begin the paragraph immediately following the passage?
 Union demands may also have an effect on business cycles. Some industries are,by their very nature,cyclical having regular phases of expansion and recession. Inflation is a factor that must be taken into consideration in any discussion of the expansion phase. The farmer;s role during the expansion phase is of vital importance. The other phase of the business cycle is called the recession phase.
14
Q-1,One phase of the business cycle is the expansion phase,This phase is a twofold one,including recovery and prosperity,During the recovery period there is ever-growing expansion of existing facilities,and new facilities for production are created.more businesses are created and older ones expanded.Improvements of various kinds are made.There is an ever-increasing optimism about the future of economic growth.Much capital is invested in machinery or "heavy" industry.More labour is employed.More raw materials are required.As one part of the economy develops.other parts are affected.For example a great expansion in automobiles results in an expansion of the steel,glass and rubber industries.Roads are required;thus the cement and machinery industries are stimulated.Demand for labour and materials results in greater prosperity for workers and suppliers of raw  materials,including farmers.this increases purchasing power and the volume of goods bought and sold.Thus prosperity is diffused among the various segments of the population.This prosperity period may continue to rise and rise without an apparent end.However,a time comes when this phase reaches a peak and stops spiralling upwards.This is the end of the expansion phase.
ii. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes that.
 When consumers lose their confidence in the market,a recession follows Cyclical ends to business expansion are normal Luxury goods such as jewellery are unaffected by industrial expansion With sound economic policies,prosperity can become a fixed pattern The creation of new products is essential for properity
15
Q-1,One phase of the business cycle is the expansion phase,This phase is a twofold one,including recovery and prosperity,During the recovery period there is ever-growing expansion of existing facilities,and new facilities for production are created.more businesses are created and older ones expanded.Improvements of various kinds are made.There is an ever-increasing optimism about the future of economic growth.Much capital is invested in machinery or "heavy" industry.More labour is employed.More raw materials are required.As one part of the economy develops.other parts are affected.For example a great expansion in automobiles results in an expansion of the steel,glass and rubber industries.Roads are required;thus the cement and machinery industries are stimulated.Demand for labour and materials results in greater prosperity for workers and suppliers of raw  materials,including farmers.this increases purchasing power and the volume of goods bought and sold.Thus prosperity is diffused among the various segments of the population.This prosperity period may continue to rise and rise without an apparent end.However,a time comes when this phase reaches a peak and stops spiralling upwards.This is the end of the expansion phase.

i. Which of the following statements is the best example of the optimism mentioned in line 4 of the passage as being part of the expansion phase?
 Public funds are designated for the construction of new highways designed to stimulate tourism. Industrial firms allocate monies for the purchase of machine tools. The prices of agricultural commodities are increased at the producer level Full employment is achieved at all levels of the economy. As technology advance innovative businesses replace antiquated firms.
16 Select the appropriate word that is SIMILAR in meaning to the numbered word.(IDIOMS)
Everything seems to be-----for the Afridi this year.
 Coming up roses In the tall cotton Out of the woods Knock on wood
17 Select the appropriate word that is SIMILAR in meaning to the numbered word.(IDIOMS)
Javed couldn't answer the question.He was just -----.
 Grasping the nettle Beating around the bush Grasping at straws Coming up roses
18 Select the appropriate word that is SIMILAR in meaning to the numbered word.(IDIOMS)
By disparaging the manager Arif is trying to------.
 Push up the daisies Cut down the tall poppies Hit the hay Come up roses
19 Select the appropriate word that is SIMILAR in meaning to the numbered word.(IDIOMS)
Yours house has lovely brickwork.Don't paint it.It would be------.
 Needle in a haystack In the tall cotton Knock on wood Gilding the lily
20 Select the appropriate word that is SIMILAR in meaning to the numbered word.(IDIOMS)
Calling for a public inquiry is just a way of kicking the matter-------.
 Into the long grass To grass roots In the tall cotton Out of the woods
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