| 1 |
In which respiratory disorder do the walls of the alveoli break down, leading to a reduction in the surface area for gas exchange? |
Asthma
Bronchitis
Pneumonia
Emphysema
|
| 2 |
Chronic bronchitis is primarily caused by prolonged exposure to which of the following? |
Viral infections
Bacterial infections
Air pollution and smoking
Genetic predisposition
|
| 3 |
Which respiratory disorder is characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, often triggered by allergens or exercise? |
Emphysema
Bronchitis
Asthma
Pneumonia
|
| 4 |
A kidney transplant involves replacing a diseased kidney with a healthy kidney from a donor. What is a major challenge after a kidney transplant? |
High risk of developing kidney stones in the new kidney
Need for lifelong immunosuppressant medication
Inability to consume water
Complete recovery of natural kidney function without medication
|
| 5 |
Which of these is a common symptom of chronic kidney disease? |
Sudden increase in appetite
Clear and frequent urination
Swelling in the ankles, feet, or legs
Unexplained weight gain
|
| 6 |
What is the primary function of dialysis in patients with kidney failure? |
To stimulate kidney regeneration
To filter waste products and excess fluid from the blood
To increase blood pressure
To produce essential hormones
|
| 7 |
The accumulation of urea and other nitrogenous waste products in the blood due to kidney failure is known as: |
Glycosuria
Uremia
Hematuria
Albuminuria
|
| 8 |
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of kidney stones (renal calculi)? |
Excessive intake of calcium-rich foods
Dehydration
High levels of uric acid in the blood
Regular physical exercise
|
| 9 |
What is the main role of the urinary bladder? |
To produce urine
To store urine temporarily before urination
To filter blood
To transport urine from the body
|
| 10 |
The process by which essential substances like glucose, amino acids, and some salts are reabsorbed from the filtrate back into the blood in the renal tubules is called: |
Filtration
Secretion
Reabsorption
Excretion
|
| 11 |
Which tube carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder? |
Urethra
Ureter
Renal artery
Renal vein
|
| 12 |
Which of the following is the structural and functional unit of the kidney? |
Neuron
Alveolus
Nephron
Hepatocyte
|
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