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standards","value":"A"},{"text":"Reports","value":"B"},{"text":"Bench marking","value":"C"},{"text":"Key cases","value":"D"},{"value":"E"}],"correctAnswer":2},{"id":147601,"question":"People in our society generally like the following system of control","choices":[{"text":"Personal control","value":"A"},{"text":"Self control","value":"B"},{"text":"Centralized control","value":"C"},{"text":"Not known","value":"D"},{"value":"E"}],"correctAnswer":2},{"id":147600,"question":"The following function is not normally listed as a major (line) function","choices":[{"text":"Production","value":"A"},{"text":"Marketing","value":"B"},{"text":"Accounting","value":"C"},{"text":"Sales","value":"D"},{"value":"E"}],"correctAnswer":3},{"id":147599,"question":"Negative motivational methods are based on threat or coercion and result in","choices":[{"text":"Low morale","value":"A"},{"text":"High morale","value":"B"},{"text":"Neither high nor low morale","value":"C"},{"text":"None of the above","value":"D"},{"value":"E"}],"correctAnswer":1},{"id":147594,"question":"The expectancy model of motivation does not include","choices":[{"text":"Magnitude of the reward","value":"A"},{"text":"Effort to be expended","value":"B"},{"text":"Outcome probability","value":"C"},{"text":"Reward probability","value":"D"},{"value":"E"}],"correctAnswer":1},{"id":147591,"question":"The following factor is not normally included as a primary motive","choices":[{"text":"Thirst","value":"A"},{"text":"Hunger","value":"B"},{"text":"Love","value":"C"},{"text":"Sleep","value":"D"},{"value":"E"}],"correctAnswer":3},{"id":147589,"question":"According to Keith Davis, an effective leader at the junior management position do not requires","choices":[{"text":"Human skills","value":"A"},{"text":"Technical skills","value":"B"},{"text":"Specialist skills","value":"C"},{"text":"Conceptual skills","value":"D"},{"value":"E"}],"correctAnswer":4},{"id":147587,"question":"According to Fiedler the following is not a major situation variable","choices":[{"text":"Position power","value":"A"},{"text":"Power-leader relations","value":"B"},{"text":"Task structure","value":"C"},{"text":"Leader-member relations","value":"D"},{"value":"E"}],"correctAnswer":2},{"id":147585,"question":"Contingency theory of leadership is brainchild of","choices":[{"text":"Paul Hersey and his associates","value":"A"},{"text":"Rensis Likert and his associates","value":"B"},{"text":"Fiedler and his associates","value":"C"},{"text":"Tannenbaum and Schmidt","value":"D"},{"value":"E"}],"correctAnswer":3},{"id":147581,"question":"According to Tannenbaum and schmidt the following is not a primary factor of leadership","choices":[{"text":"External environment","value":"A"},{"text":"Manager","value":"B"},{"text":"Subordinates","value":"C"},{"text":"Situation","value":"D"},{"value":"E"}],"correctAnswer":1},{"id":147579,"question":"Employee centered managers gave attention to the following components of their jobs","choices":[{"text":"Human","value":"A"},{"text":"Impersonal","value":"B"},{"text":"Human and impersonal","value":"C"},{"text":"Human and technical","value":"D"},{"value":"E"}],"correctAnswer":3},{"id":147577,"question":"The following style of leadership represents the extreme of centralized decision making authority","choices":[{"text":"Free-rein","value":"A"},{"text":"Democratic","value":"B"},{"text":"Authoritarian","value":"C"},{"text":"None of the above","value":"D"},{"value":"E"}],"correctAnswer":3},{"id":147574,"question":"An informal leader usually has no basis for influence from","choices":[{"text":"Coerces","value":"A"},{"text":"Position","value":"B"},{"text":"Knowledge","value":"C"},{"text":"Charisma","value":"D"},{"value":"E"}],"correctAnswer":2},{"id":147573,"question":"One who holds his position because of force of prestige attached to his office is called","choices":[{"text":"Creative leader","value":"A"},{"text":"Democratic leader","value":"B"},{"text":"Intellectual leader","value":"C"},{"text":"Institutional leader","value":"D"},{"value":"E"}],"correctAnswer":4},{"id":147571,"question":"A bureaucratic leader is by nature","choices":[{"text":"Rule centered","value":"A"},{"text":"Organization centered","value":"B"},{"text":"Religion centered","value":"C"},{"text":"Subordinates centered","value":"D"},{"value":"E"}],"correctAnswer":1},{"id":147570,"question":"As per suggestion of George Humans a leader needs","choices":[{"text":"Integrity and courage","value":"A"},{"text":"Absolute principles for managing people","value":"B"},{"text":"A method for analyzing the social situation","value":"C"},{"text":"Concepts that do not change over time or because of new conditions","value":"D"},{"value":"E"}],"correctAnswer":3},{"id":147568,"question":"Shifting the emphasis from what the leader is to what leader does is consistent with","choices":[{"text":"Trait approach","value":"A"},{"text":"Great-man approach","value":"B"},{"text":"Behaviour approach","value":"C"},{"text":"Transformational","value":"D"},{"value":"E"}],"correctAnswer":3}]