.I am writing in response to response\r\nto the article “Protecting our public spaces” in issue 14, published this\r\nspring in it, the author claims that “all graffiti is public spaces.” I would\r\nlike to point out that many people believe that graffiti is an art from that\r\ncan benefit our public spaces just as much as sculpture, fountains, or other,\r\nmore accepted art forms.
People who object to graffiti\r\nusually do so more because of where it is, not what it is. They argue, as your\r\nauthor does, that posting graffiti in public places constitutes an illegal act\r\nof property damage. But the location of such graffiti should not prevent the\r\nimages themselves from being considered genuine art.
I would argue that graffiti is the\r\nultimate public art form. Spray paint is a medium unlike any other. Though\r\ngraffiti, the entire world has become a canvas. No one has to pay admission or\r\ntravel to a museum to see this kind of art. The artists usually do not receive\r\npayment for their efforts. These works of art dotting the urban landscape are\r\navailable, free of charge, to everyone who passes by.
To be clear, I do not consider\r\nrandom words or names sprayed on stop signs to be art. Plenty of graffiti is\r\njust vandalism, pure and simple. However, there is also graffiti that is\r\nbreathtaking in its intricate detail, its realism, or its creativity. It takes\r\ngreat talent to create such involved designs with spray paint.
Are these creators not artists\r\njust because they use a can of spray paint instead of a paintbrush, or because they\r\ncover the side of a building rather than a canvas?
To declare that all graffiti is\r\nvandalism, and nothing more, is an overly simplistic statement that I find out\r\nof place in such a thoughtful publication as your magazine. Furthermore,\r\ngraffiti is not going anywhere, so might as well find a way to live with it and\r\nenjoy its benefits. One option could be to make a percentage of public space,\r\nsuch as walls or benches in parks, open to graffiti artists. By doing this, the\r\npublic might feel like part owners of these works of art, rather than just the\r\nvictims of a crime.
According to the writer, random\r\nwords sprayed on stop sings are not
I am writing in response to response\r\nto the article “Protecting our public spaces” in issue 14, published this\r\nspring in it, the author claims that “all graffiti is public spaces.” I would\r\nlike to point out that many people believe that graffiti is an art from that\r\ncan benefit our public spaces just as much as sculpture, fountains, or other,\r\nmore accepted art forms.
People who object to graffiti\r\nusually do so more because of where it is, not what it is. They argue, as your\r\nauthor does, that posting graffiti in public places constitutes an illegal act\r\nof property damage. But the location of such graffiti should not prevent the\r\nimages themselves from being considered genuine art.
I would argue that graffiti is the\r\nultimate public art form. Spray paint is a medium unlike any other. Though\r\ngraffiti, the entire world has become a canvas. No one has to pay admission or\r\ntravel to a museum to see this kind of art. The artists usually do not receive\r\npayment for their efforts. These works of art dotting the urban landscape are\r\navailable, free of charge, to everyone who passes by.
To be clear, I do not consider\r\nrandom words or names sprayed on stop signs to be art. Plenty of graffiti is\r\njust vandalism, pure and simple. However, there is also graffiti that is\r\nbreathtaking in its intricate detail, its realism, or its creativity. It takes\r\ngreat talent to create such involved designs with spray paint.
Are these creators not artists\r\njust because they use a can of spray paint instead of a paintbrush, or because they\r\ncover the side of a building rather than a canvas?
To declare that all graffiti is\r\nvandalism, and nothing more, is an overly simplistic statement that I find out\r\nof place in such a thoughtful publication as your magazine. Furthermore,\r\ngraffiti is not going anywhere, so might as well find a way to live with it and\r\nenjoy its benefits. One option could be to make a percentage of public space,\r\nsuch as walls or benches in parks, open to graffiti artists. By doing this, the\r\npublic might feel like part owners of these works of art, rather than just the\r\nvictims of a crime.
According to the writer, random\r\nwords sprayed on stop sings are not
I am writing in response to response\r\nto the article “Protecting our public spaces” in issue 14, published this\r\nspring in it, the author claims that “all graffiti is public spaces.” I would\r\nlike to point out that many people believe that graffiti is an art from that\r\ncan benefit our public spaces just as much as sculpture, fountains, or other,\r\nmore accepted art forms.
People who object to graffiti\r\nusually do so more because of where it is, not what it is. They argue, as your\r\nauthor does, that posting graffiti in public places constitutes an illegal act\r\nof property damage. But the location of such graffiti should not prevent the\r\nimages themselves from being considered genuine art.
I would argue that graffiti is the\r\nultimate public art form. Spray paint is a medium unlike any other. Though\r\ngraffiti, the entire world has become a canvas. No one has to pay admission or\r\ntravel to a museum to see this kind of art. The artists usually do not receive\r\npayment for their efforts. These works of art dotting the urban landscape are\r\navailable, free of charge, to everyone who passes by.
To be clear, I do not consider\r\nrandom words or names sprayed on stop signs to be art. Plenty of graffiti is\r\njust vandalism, pure and simple. However, there is also graffiti that is\r\nbreathtaking in its intricate detail, its realism, or its creativity. It takes\r\ngreat talent to create such involved designs with spray paint.
Are these creators not artists\r\njust because they use a can of spray paint instead of a paintbrush, or because they\r\ncover the side of a building rather than a canvas?
To declare that all graffiti is\r\nvandalism, and nothing more, is an overly simplistic statement that I find out\r\nof place in such a thoughtful publication as your magazine. Furthermore,\r\ngraffiti is not going anywhere, so might as well find a way to live with it and\r\nenjoy its benefits. One option could be to make a percentage of public space,\r\nsuch as walls or benches in parks, open to graffiti artists. By doing this, the\r\npublic might feel like part owners of these works of art, rather than just the\r\nvictims of a crime.
In this passage, the writer argues\r\nthat graffiti
In the early 1920's,\r\nsettlers came to Alaska looking for gold. They traveled by boat to the coastal\r\ntowns of Seward and Knik, and from there by land into the gold fields. The\r\ntrail they used to travel inland is known today as the lditarod Trail, one of the\r\nNational Historic Trails designated by the congress of the United States. The\r\nIditarod Trail quickly became a major thoroughfare in Alaska, as the mail and\r\nsupplies were carried across this trail. People also used it to get from place\r\nto place, including the priests, ministers, and judges who had to travel\r\nbetween villages down this trail was via god sled.
Once the gold rush ended, many gold-seekers\r\nwent back to where they had come from, and suddenly there was much less travel\r\non the lditarod Trail. The introduction of the airplane in the late 1920's\r\nmeant dog teams were mode of transportation, of course airplane carrying the\r\nmail and supplies, there was less need for land travel in general. The final\r\nblow to the use of the dog teams was the appearance of snowmoniles.
By the mid 1960's most Alasknas didn't even\r\nknow the lditarod Trail existed, or that dos teens had played a crucial role in\r\nAlaska's early settlements. Dorothy G.Page, a self-made historian, recognized\r\nhow few people knew about the former use of sled dogs as working animals and\r\nabout the Iditarod Trail's role in Alaska's colorful history. To she came up\r\nwith the idea to have a god sled race over the Iditarod Trail. She presented\r\nher idea to an enthusiastic musher, as dog sled drivers are known, named Joe\r\nRedington, Sr. Soon the pages and the Redintons were working together to\r\npromote the idea of the Iditarod race.
Many people worked to make\r\nthe first Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race a reality in 1967. The Aurora Dog\r\nMushers Club, along with men from the Adult Camp in Sutton, helped clear years\r\nof overgrowth from the first nine miles of the Iditarod Trail. To raise\r\ninterest in the race, a $25,000 purse was offered, with Joe Redington donating\r\none acre of his land to help raise the funds. The short race, approximately 27\r\nmiles long, was put on a second time in 1969.
After these first two\r\nsuccessful races, the goal was to lengthen the race a little further to the\r\nghost town of Iditarod by 1973. However in 1972, the U.S. Army reopened the\r\ntrail as a winter exercise, and so in 1973, the decision was made to take the\r\nrace all the way to the city of Nome-over 1,000 miles. There were who believed\r\nit could bot be done and that it wad crazy to send a bunch out into vast,\r\nuninhabited Alaskan wilderness. But the race went! 22 mushers finished that\r\nyear, and to date over 400 people have completed it.
Based on information in\r\nthe passage, it can be inferred that because the U.S. Army reopened the\r\nIditarod Trail in 1972,
In the early 1920's,\r\nsettlers came to Alaska looking for gold. They traveled by boat to the coastal\r\ntowns of Seward and Knik, and from there by land into the gold fields. The\r\ntrail they used to travel inland is known today as the lditarod Trail, one of the\r\nNational Historic Trails designated by the congress of the United States. The\r\nIditarod Trail quickly became a major thoroughfare in Alaska, as the mail and\r\nsupplies were carried across this trail. People also used it to get from place\r\nto place, including the priests, ministers, and judges who had to travel\r\nbetween villages down this trail was via god sled.
Once the gold rush ended, many gold-seekers\r\nwent back to where they had come from, and suddenly there was much less travel\r\non the lditarod Trail. The introduction of the airplane in the late 1920's\r\nmeant dog teams were mode of transportation, of course airplane carrying the\r\nmail and supplies, there was less need for land travel in general. The final\r\nblow to the use of the dog teams was the appearance of snowmoniles.
By the mid 1960's most Alasknas didn't even\r\nknow the lditarod Trail existed, or that dos teens had played a crucial role in\r\nAlaska's early settlements. Dorothy G.Page, a self-made historian, recognized\r\nhow few people knew about the former use of sled dogs as working animals and\r\nabout the Iditarod Trail's role in Alaska's colorful history. To she came up\r\nwith the idea to have a god sled race over the Iditarod Trail. She presented\r\nher idea to an enthusiastic musher, as dog sled drivers are known, named Joe\r\nRedington, Sr. Soon the pages and the Redintons were working together to\r\npromote the idea of the Iditarod race.
Many people worked to make\r\nthe first Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race a reality in 1967. The Aurora Dog\r\nMushers Club, along with men from the Adult Camp in Sutton, helped clear years\r\nof overgrowth from the first nine miles of the Iditarod Trail. To raise\r\ninterest in the race, a $25,000 purse was offered, with Joe Redington donating\r\none acre of his land to help raise the funds. The short race, approximately 27\r\nmiles long, was put on a second time in 1969.
After these first two\r\nsuccessful races, the goal was to lengthen the race a little further to the\r\nghost town of Iditarod by 1973. However in 1972, the U.S. Army reopened the\r\ntrail as a winter exercise, and so in 1973, the decision was made to take the\r\nrace all the way to the city of Nome-over 1,000 miles. There were who believed\r\nit could bot be done and that it wad crazy to send a bunch out into vast,\r\nuninhabited Alaskan wilderness. But the race went! 22 mushers finished that\r\nyear, and to date over 400 people have completed it.
In 1925, when a diphtheria\r\noutbreak threatened the lives of people in the remote town of Nome, the\r\ngovernment used the Iditarod Trail to transport medicine nearly 700 miles to\r\nthe town. If the author chose the include this fact is the passage, it would\r\nbest fit in
In the early 1920's,\r\nsettlers came to Alaska looking for gold. They traveled by boat to the coastal\r\ntowns of Seward and Knik, and from there by land into the gold fields. The\r\ntrail they used to travel inland is known today as the lditarod Trail, one of the\r\nNational Historic Trails designated by the congress of the United States. The\r\nIditarod Trail quickly became a major thoroughfare in Alaska, as the mail and\r\nsupplies were carried across this trail. People also used it to get from place\r\nto place, including the priests, ministers, and judges who had to travel\r\nbetween villages down this trail was via god sled.
Once the gold rush ended, many gold-seekers\r\nwent back to where they had come from, and suddenly there was much less travel\r\non the lditarod Trail. The introduction of the airplane in the late 1920's\r\nmeant dog teams were mode of transportation, of course airplane carrying the\r\nmail and supplies, there was less need for land travel in general. The final\r\nblow to the use of the dog teams was the appearance of snowmoniles.
By the mid 1960's most Alasknas didn't even\r\nknow the lditarod Trail existed, or that dos teens had played a crucial role in\r\nAlaska's early settlements. Dorothy G.Page, a self-made historian, recognized\r\nhow few people knew about the former use of sled dogs as working animals and\r\nabout the Iditarod Trail's role in Alaska's colorful history. To she came up\r\nwith the idea to have a god sled race over the Iditarod Trail. She presented\r\nher idea to an enthusiastic musher, as dog sled drivers are known, named Joe\r\nRedington, Sr. Soon the pages and the Redintons were working together to\r\npromote the idea of the Iditarod race.
Many people worked to make\r\nthe first Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race a reality in 1967. The Aurora Dog\r\nMushers Club, along with men from the Adult Camp in Sutton, helped clear years\r\nof overgrowth from the first nine miles of the Iditarod Trail. To raise\r\ninterest in the race, a $25,000 purse was offered, with Joe Redington donating\r\none acre of his land to help raise the funds. The short race, approximately 27\r\nmiles long, was put on a second time in 1969.
After these first two\r\nsuccessful races, the goal was to lengthen the race a little further to the\r\nghost town of Iditarod by 1973. However in 1972, the U.S. Army reopened the\r\ntrail as a winter exercise, and so in 1973, the decision was made to take the\r\nrace all the way to the city of Nome-over 1,000 miles. There were who believed\r\nit could bot be done and that it wad crazy to send a bunch out into vast,\r\nuninhabited Alaskan wilderness. But the race went! 22 mushers finished that\r\nyear, and to date over 400 people have completed it.
As used in paragraph-3,\r\nthe phrase “self-made historian” implies that Dorothy G. Page
In the early 1920's,\r\nsettlers came to Alaska looking for gold. They traveled by boat to the coastal\r\ntowns of Seward and Knik, and from there by land into the gold fields. The\r\ntrail they used to travel inland is known today as the lditarod Trail, one of the\r\nNational Historic Trails designated by the congress of the United States. The\r\nIditarod Trail quickly became a major thoroughfare in Alaska, as the mail and\r\nsupplies were carried across this trail. People also used it to get from place\r\nto place, including the priests, ministers, and judges who had to travel\r\nbetween villages down this trail was via god sled.
Once the gold rush ended, many gold-seekers\r\nwent back to where they had come from, and suddenly there was much less travel\r\non the lditarod Trail. The introduction of the airplane in the late 1920's\r\nmeant dog teams were mode of transportation, of course airplane carrying the\r\nmail and supplies, there was less need for land travel in general. The final\r\nblow to the use of the dog teams was the appearance of snowmoniles.
By the mid 1960's most Alasknas didn't even\r\nknow the lditarod Trail existed, or that dos teens had played a crucial role in\r\nAlaska's early settlements. Dorothy G.Page, a self-made historian, recognized\r\nhow few people knew about the former use of sled dogs as working animals and\r\nabout the Iditarod Trail's role in Alaska's colorful history. To she came up\r\nwith the idea to have a god sled race over the Iditarod Trail. She presented\r\nher idea to an enthusiastic musher, as dog sled drivers are known, named Joe\r\nRedington, Sr. Soon the pages and the Redintons were working together to\r\npromote the idea of the Iditarod race.
Many people worked to make\r\nthe first Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race a reality in 1967. The Aurora Dog\r\nMushers Club, along with men from the Adult Camp in Sutton, helped clear years\r\nof overgrowth from the first nine miles of the Iditarod Trail. To raise\r\ninterest in the race, a $25,000 purse was offered, with Joe Redington donating\r\none acre of his land to help raise the funds. The short race, approximately 27\r\nmiles long, was put on a second time in 1969.
After these first two\r\nsuccessful races, the goal was to lengthen the race a little further to the\r\nghost town of Iditarod by 1973. However in 1972, the U.S. Army reopened the\r\ntrail as a winter exercise, and so in 1973, the decision was made to take the\r\nrace all the way to the city of Nome-over 1,000 miles. There were who believed\r\nit could bot be done and that it wad crazy to send a bunch out into vast,\r\nuninhabited Alaskan wilderness. But the race went! 22 mushers finished that\r\nyear, and to date over 400 people have completed it.
According to the passage,\r\nthe initial Iditarod race
In the early 1920's,\r\nsettlers came to Alaska looking for gold. They traveled by boat to the coastal\r\ntowns of Seward and Knik, and from there by land into the gold fields. The\r\ntrail they used to travel inland is known today as the lditarod Trail, one of the\r\nNational Historic Trails designated by the congress of the United States. The\r\nIditarod Trail quickly became a major thoroughfare in Alaska, as the mail and\r\nsupplies were carried across this trail. People also used it to get from place\r\nto place, including the priests, ministers, and judges who had to travel\r\nbetween villages down this trail was via god sled.
Once the gold rush ended, many gold-seekers\r\nwent back to where they had come from, and suddenly there was much less travel\r\non the lditarod Trail. The introduction of the airplane in the late 1920's\r\nmeant dog teams were mode of transportation, of course airplane carrying the\r\nmail and supplies, there was less need for land travel in general. The final\r\nblow to the use of the dog teams was the appearance of snowmoniles.
By the mid 1960's most Alasknas didn't even\r\nknow the lditarod Trail existed, or that dos teens had played a crucial role in\r\nAlaska's early settlements. Dorothy G.Page, a self-made historian, recognized\r\nhow few people knew about the former use of sled dogs as working animals and\r\nabout the Iditarod Trail's role in Alaska's colorful history. To she came up\r\nwith the idea to have a god sled race over the Iditarod Trail. She presented\r\nher idea to an enthusiastic musher, as dog sled drivers are known, named Joe\r\nRedington, Sr. Soon the pages and the Redintons were working together to\r\npromote the idea of the Iditarod race.
Many people worked to make\r\nthe first Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race a reality in 1967. The Aurora Dog\r\nMushers Club, along with men from the Adult Camp in Sutton, helped clear years\r\nof overgrowth from the first nine miles of the Iditarod Trail. To raise\r\ninterest in the race, a $25,000 purse was offered, with Joe Redington donating\r\none acre of his land to help raise the funds. The short race, approximately 27\r\nmiles long, was put on a second time in 1969.
After these first two\r\nsuccessful races, the goal was to lengthen the race a little further to the\r\nghost town of Iditarod by 1973. However in 1972, the U.S. Army reopened the\r\ntrail as a winter exercise, and so in 1973, the decision was made to take the\r\nrace all the way to the city of Nome-over 1,000 miles. There were who believed\r\nit could bot be done and that it wad crazy to send a bunch out into vast,\r\nuninhabited Alaskan wilderness. But the race went! 22 mushers finished that\r\nyear, and to date over 400 people have completed it.
As used in paragraph 2,\r\nwhich is the best definition for ‘mode’
In the early 1920's,\r\nsettlers came to Alaska looking for gold. They traveled by boat to the coastal\r\ntowns of Seward and Knik, and from there by land into the gold fields. The\r\ntrail they used to travel inland is known today as the lditarod Trail, one of the\r\nNational Historic Trails designated by the congress of the United States. The\r\nIditarod Trail quickly became a major thoroughfare in Alaska, as the mail and\r\nsupplies were carried across this trail. People also used it to get from place\r\nto place, including the priests, ministers, and judges who had to travel\r\nbetween villages down this trail was via god sled. Once the gold rush ended,\r\nmany gold-seekers went back to where they had come from, and suddenly there was\r\nmuch less travel on the lditarod Trail. The introduction of the airplane in the\r\nlate 1920's meant dog teams were mode of transportation, of course airplane\r\ncarrying the mail and supplies, there was less need for land travel in general.\r\nThe final blow to the use of the dog teams was the appearance of snowmoniles.\r\nBy the mid 1960's most Alasknas didn't even know the lditarod Trail existed, or\r\nthat dos teens had played a crucial role in Alaska's early settlements. Dorothy\r\nG.Page, a self-made historian, recognized how few people knew about the former\r\nuse of sled dogs as working animals and about the Iditarod Trail's role in\r\nAlaska's colorful history. To she came up with the idea to have a god sled race\r\nover the Iditarod Trail. She presented her idea to an enthusiastic musher, as\r\ndog sled drivers are known, named Joe Redington, Sr. Soon the pages and the\r\nRedintons were working together to promote the idea of the Iditarod race. Many\r\npeople worked to make the first Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race a reality in 1967.\r\nThe Aurora Dog Mushers Club, along with men from the Adult Camp in Sutton,\r\nhelped clear years of overgrowth from the first nine miles of the Iditarod\r\nTrail. To raise interest in the race, a $25,000 purse was offered, with Joe\r\nRedington donating one acre of his land to help raise the funds. The short race,\r\napproximately 27 miles long, was put on a second time in 1969. After these\r\nfirst two successful races, the goal was to lengthen the race a little further\r\nto the ghost town of Iditarod by 1973. However in 1972, the U.S. Army reopened\r\nthe trail as a winter exercise, and so in 1973, the decision was made to take\r\nthe race all the way to the city of Nome-over 1,000 miles. There were who\r\nbelieved it could bot be done and that it wad crazy to send a bunch out into\r\nvast, uninhabited Alaskan wilderness. But the race went! 22 mushers finished\r\nthat year, and to date over 400 people have completed it.
Based on information in\r\nthe passage, it can be inferred that all of the following contributed to the\r\ndisuse of the Iditarod Trail except
In the early 1920's,\r\nsettlers came to Alaska looking for gold. They traveled by boat to the coastal\r\ntowns of Seward and Knik, and from there by land into the gold fields. The\r\ntrail they used to travel inland is known today as the lditarod Trail, one of the\r\nNational Historic Trails designated by the congress of the United States. The\r\nIditarod Trail quickly became a major thoroughfare in Alaska, as the mail and\r\nsupplies were carried across this trail. People also used it to get from place\r\nto place, including the priests, ministers, and judges who had to travel\r\nbetween villages down this trail was via god sled. Once the gold rush ended,\r\nmany gold-seekers went back to where they had come from, and suddenly there was\r\nmuch less travel on the lditarod Trail. The introduction of the airplane in the\r\nlate 1920's meant dog teams were mode of transportation, of course airplane\r\ncarrying the mail and supplies, there was less need for land travel in general.\r\nThe final blow to the use of the dog teams was the appearance of snowmoniles.\r\nBy the mid 1960's most Alasknas didn't even know the lditarod Trail existed, or\r\nthat dos teens had played a crucial role in Alaska's early settlements. Dorothy\r\nG.Page, a self-made historian, recognized how few people knew about the former\r\nuse of sled dogs as working animals and about the Iditarod Trail's role in\r\nAlaska's colorful history. To she came up with the idea to have a god sled race\r\nover the Iditarod Trail. She presented her idea to an enthusiastic musher, as\r\ndog sled drivers are known, named Joe Redington, Sr. Soon the pages and the\r\nRedintons were working together to promote the idea of the Iditarod race. Many\r\npeople worked to make the first Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race a reality in 1967.\r\nThe Aurora Dog Mushers Club, along with men from the Adult Camp in Sutton,\r\nhelped clear years of overgrowth from the first nine miles of the Iditarod\r\nTrail. To raise interest in the race, a $25,000 purse was offered, with Joe\r\nRedington donating one acre of his land to help raise the funds. The short race,\r\napproximately 27 miles long, was put on a second time in 1969. After these\r\nfirst two successful races, the goal was to lengthen the race a little further\r\nto the ghost town of Iditarod by 1973. However in 1972, the U.S. Army reopened\r\nthe trail as a winter exercise, and so in 1973, the decision was made to take\r\nthe race all the way to the city of Nome-over 1,000 miles. There were who\r\nbelieved it could bot be done and that it wad crazy to send a bunch out into\r\nvast, uninhabited Alaskan wilderness. But the race went! 22 mushers finished\r\nthat year, and to date over 400 people have completed it.
The primary purpose of\r\nthis passage is to