[{"id":1068175,"question":"In which respiratory disorder do the walls of the alveoli break down, leading to a reduction in the surface area for gas exchange?","choices":[{"text":"Asthma","value":"A"},{"text":"Bronchitis","value":"B"},{"text":"Pneumonia","value":"C"},{"text":"Emphysema","value":"D"},{"value":"E"}],"correctAnswer":4},{"id":1068174,"question":"Chronic bronchitis is primarily caused by prolonged exposure to which of the following?","choices":[{"text":"Viral infections","value":"A"},{"text":"Bacterial infections","value":"B"},{"text":"Air pollution and smoking","value":"C"},{"text":"Genetic predisposition","value":"D"},{"value":"E"}],"correctAnswer":3},{"id":1068173,"question":"Which respiratory disorder is characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, often triggered by allergens or exercise?","choices":[{"text":"Emphysema","value":"A"},{"text":"Bronchitis","value":"B"},{"text":"Asthma","value":"C"},{"text":"Pneumonia","value":"D"},{"value":"E"}],"correctAnswer":3},{"id":1068172,"question":"A kidney transplant involves replacing a diseased kidney with a healthy kidney from a donor. What is a major challenge after a kidney transplant?","choices":[{"text":"High risk of developing kidney stones in the new kidney","value":"A"},{"text":"Need for lifelong immunosuppressant medication","value":"B"},{"text":"Inability to consume water","value":"C"},{"text":"Complete recovery of natural kidney function without medication","value":"D"},{"value":"E"}],"correctAnswer":2},{"id":1068171,"question":"Which of these is a common symptom of chronic kidney disease?","choices":[{"text":"Sudden increase in appetite","value":"A"},{"text":"Clear and frequent urination","value":"B"},{"text":"Swelling in the ankles, feet, or legs","value":"C"},{"text":"Unexplained weight gain","value":"D"},{"value":"E"}],"correctAnswer":3},{"id":1068170,"question":"What is the primary function of dialysis in patients with kidney failure?","choices":[{"text":"To stimulate kidney regeneration","value":"A"},{"text":"To filter waste products and excess fluid from the blood","value":"B"},{"text":"To increase blood pressure","value":"C"},{"text":"To produce essential hormones","value":"D"},{"value":"E"}],"correctAnswer":2},{"id":1068169,"question":"The accumulation of urea and other nitrogenous waste products in the blood due to kidney failure is known as:","choices":[{"text":"Glycosuria","value":"A"},{"text":"Uremia","value":"B"},{"text":"Hematuria","value":"C"},{"text":"Albuminuria","value":"D"},{"value":"E"}],"correctAnswer":2},{"id":1068168,"question":"Which of the following is NOT a common cause of kidney stones (renal calculi)?","choices":[{"text":"Excessive intake of calcium-rich foods","value":"A"},{"text":"Dehydration","value":"B"},{"text":"High levels of uric acid in the blood","value":"C"},{"text":"Regular physical exercise","value":"D"},{"value":"E"}],"correctAnswer":4},{"id":1068167,"question":"What is the main role of the urinary bladder?","choices":[{"text":"To produce urine","value":"A"},{"text":"To store urine temporarily before urination","value":"B"},{"text":"To filter blood","value":"C"},{"text":"To transport urine from the body","value":"D"},{"value":"E"}],"correctAnswer":2},{"id":1068166,"question":"The process by which essential substances like glucose, amino acids, and some salts are reabsorbed from the filtrate back into the blood in the renal tubules is called:","choices":[{"text":"Filtration","value":"A"},{"text":"Secretion","value":"B"},{"text":"Reabsorption","value":"C"},{"text":"Excretion","value":"D"},{"value":"E"}],"correctAnswer":3},{"id":1068165,"question":"Which tube carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder?","choices":[{"text":"Urethra","value":"A"},{"text":"Ureter","value":"B"},{"text":"Renal artery","value":"C"},{"text":"Renal vein","value":"D"},{"value":"E"}],"correctAnswer":2},{"id":1068164,"question":"Which of the following is the structural and functional unit of the kidney?","choices":[{"text":"Neuron","value":"A"},{"text":"Alveolus","value":"B"},{"text":"Nephron","value":"C"},{"text":"Hepatocyte","value":"D"},{"value":"E"}],"correctAnswer":3}]